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Top Stories Today

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 07:52 AM PST

Top Stories Today


An Oral History Of 'Homeland': Battles, Backlash, CIA Meetings And A Secret Call With Edward Snowden

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 08:55 AM PST

Claire Danes, Mandy Patinkin, Damian Lewis and the creators of the era-defining Showtime drama — now entering its eighth and final season — reveal in an oral history never-told tales of a show that smashed records, captivated presidents and predicted everything from terrorist attacks to Russian election hacks.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Watch Spacex Launch A 'Crew Dragon' Spacecraft For A Safety Test

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 08:25 AM PST

This test, which does not have NASA astronauts onboard the spacecraft, is intended to demonstrate Crew Dragon's ability to reliably carry crew to safety in the unlikely event of an emergency on ascent.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Three Movie Stars Head For Dubai But End Up In The Uncanny Valley

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 12:22 PM PST

A film advertises the city as a modern escape where women can do whatever they want. The reality of the place thwarts the girls' trip vibe at every turn.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Why The Original 'The Game Of Life' Was Depressing As Heck

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 07:58 AM PST

"The Game of Life" board game in 1860 is very different from the game we know today.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

A Brief History of Double-Nominated Actors at the Oscars

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 02:41 PM PST

In the 92-year history of the Oscars, double-nominees have happened 12 times in total.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Why Silicon Valley And Big Tech Don't Innovate Anymore

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 01:30 PM PST

The post-dot-com generation of companies became the most ubiquitous and valuable corporations in the world and Silicon Valley's rhetoric began to change.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

The Obscure Editions Of Jane Austen Novels That Made Her Internationally Known

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 08:55 AM PST

Elizabeth Bennet Meets Pulp Fiction.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Homelessness In The Living Rooms Of The Rich, And More Of The Best Photography Of The Week

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 01:42 PM PST

A traveling Wally, a quirky love letter to New York and other best photos of the week.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

The Sound Of A Wolf Pup Howling For The First Time Will Melt Your Heart

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 07:39 AM PST

We could listen to this all day.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

See The Earth And Everything Around It In Its Full Glory

Posted: 09 Jan 2020 09:37 AM PST

Dive into NASA's archives to see some of the most stark and moving photos ever taken. Nirmala Nataraj gives an informative rundown on each photo, and this book benefits from a preface by none other than Bill Nye.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Get Key Insights From Hundreds Of Best-Selling Books In Just Minutes With This App

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 08:36 AM PST

Want to read more but don't have the time? Check out Booknotes. This service distills more than 1,000 best-selling books into 15-minute chunks so you can consume more in less time. Sign up for life for just $29 now.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Woman Accidentally Leaves Her Car Window Open Before A Blizzard And Realizes She Made A Huge Mistake

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 12:27 PM PST

After returning to her parked car, a woman was curious why there wasn't snow on her car following a blizzard and made a shocking discovery — she left the passenger window down by mistake.

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This Cookbook Is Packed With Delicious Healthy Recipes

Posted: 03 Jan 2020 12:44 PM PST

If you're interested in prioritizing nutrition this year, Michelle Anderson's "Healthy Cookbook for Two" is a must-have for your shelf.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Watch This Guy Play The Fastest 'Super Mario Bros.' Speedrun Of All Time

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 11:17 AM PST

At a time of 4:55.646, YouTuber Kosmicd12 set a new world record for fastest speedrun on "Super Mario Bros."

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Someone Dubbed Over Darth Vader With George Costanza's Father And It's Brilliant

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 10:16 AM PST

Darth Vader is made hysterical when his lines are dubbed over with Frank Costanza's hilariously cantankerous catch phrases from "Seinfeld."

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

'Why Are We Not Winning Them?': Pete Buttigieg's White Supporters Are Baffled By His Lack Of Black Support

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:22 AM PST

"To him, all lives matter," said an Iowa voter who likes Buttigieg.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

How Psychology Is Just Catching Up With The Effects Of Online Hate

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 10:44 AM PST

4 in 10 Americans have been harassed online. But while therapists and psychologists have studied cyberbullying of children for years, there's little research on how to help adults — mostly women — who've been targeted.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Panicking About Your Kids' Phones? New Research Says Don't

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 01:09 PM PST

A growing number of academics are challenging assumptions about the negative effects of social media and smartphones on children.

This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now

Latest World News, World News, Current Affairs, Daily Current Affairs

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 04:35 AM PST

Latest World News, World News, Current Affairs, Daily Current Affairs


Tweets For Today

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:35 PM PST











Picture Of The Day

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:21 PM PST

March 19, 2018 - Putin wins a landslide re-election victory and a mandate to stay in office until 2024. Yuri Kadobnov/POOL via Reuters

WNU Editor: The above picture came from this photo-gallery .... Putin's 20 years in power (Reuters).

US Democratic Presidential Candidate Rep. Tulsi Gabbard Wins Pushup Contest At Town Hall

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:12 PM PST


The Hill: Gabbard defeats man in push-up contest at New Hampshire town hall

During a town hall in New Hampshire Thursday night, Democratic presidential candidate Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (Hawaii) was asked if she could beat former Vice President Joe Biden in a pushup contest, sparking an impromptu challenge with a supporter.

"Former Vice President Biden has randomly challenged people in the audience to a pushup contest even if they're in walkers. ... Do you think you could take him?" the supporter questioned, according to The Washington Post.

"My educated and informed guess would be yes," Gabbard replied. "However, Joe Biden may have some superhuman pushup ability that nobody knows about. But I would take most people to a pushup challenge."

Read more ....

WNU Editor: She definitely keeps in shape.

Ukraine's Foreign Minister Says Lev Parnas's Allegations On President Trump Are Untrue

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:08 PM PST



WNU Editor: This did not go as well as CNN had hoped for. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Vadym Prystaiko is basically calling Lev Parnas .... who has been claiming for the past week that President Trump was directly involved through his personal attorney Rudy Giuliani in an alleged quid pro quo with Ukraine .... a liar. Not surprising. The comment thread in the above video is overwhelmingly negative on the foreign minister. Now I so happen to have met Vadym Prystaiko twice in Ottawa when he was Ukraine's Ambassador to Canada. One was business and the other was social, and he struck me at that time to be an honest and straightforward diplomat. If he is saying that Lev Parnas' allegations are untrue, I am inclined to believe him.

U.S. Navy To Name Its Next Aircraft Carrier After Pearl Harbor Hero Mess Attendant 2nd Class Doris 'Dorie' Miller

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 08:55 PM PST

The US Navy is expected to honor Mess Attendant 2nd Class Doris Miller (pictured), naming a new aircraft carrier after him

Daily Mail: USS Doris Miller: Navy to name new $13bn aircraft carrier after Pearl Harbor hero who manned machine gun to fight off Japanese aircraft and was the first African American to receive the Navy Cross for valor

* The US Navy is to name new aircraft carrier after a World War II hero
* Mess Attendant 2nd Class Doris Miller was the first African American to receive the Navy Cross for valor in 1942
* The $13billion aircraft carrier will be the fourth of the new Gerald R. Ford-class supercarriers, and is scheduled to launch in 2027, and enter service in 2030
* Miller manned a machine gun on the USS West Virginia and returning fire against Japanese planes during the December 7 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor
* Miller, then 22, was collecting laundry when the attack alarm sounded
* His normal battle station was destroyed by a torpedo so he went on deck and carried wounded soldiers to safety before manning a machine gun
* At the time an African American was not allowed to man a gun in the Navy
* The announcement is expected to be made at Pearl Harbor Monday, on Martin Luther King Junior Day
* Miller died on a ship that was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine in 1943

The US Navy is expected to honor a World War II hero when a new aircraft carrier is named for Mess Attendant 2nd Class Doris Miller.

The announcement is expected to be made at Pearl Harbor Monday, The Honolulu Star-Advertiser reported Friday.

Miller was the first African American to receive the Navy Cross for valor.

Miller was recognized for manning a machine gun on the USS West Virginia and returning fire against Japanese planes during the December 7 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

Read more ....

WNU Editor: I was surprised by this announcement. It is not everyday that a US Navy mess attendant 2nd Class gets an aircraft carrier named after him. But considering the man and what he did, you have to wonder why did it take the US Navy so long to honour him with this distinction.

More News On The U.S. Navy Naming Its Next Aircraft Carrier After Pearl Harbor Hero Mess Attendant 2nd Class Doris 'Dorie' Miller

USS Doris Miller: Navy to name new $13bn aircraft carrier after Pearl Harbor hero who manned machine gun to fight off Japanese aircraft and was the first African American to receive the Navy Cross for valor -- Daily Mail/AP
Next Ford-class Carrier to be Named After Pearl Harbor Hero Doris Miller -- USNI News
Navy to name aircraft carrier for Pearl Harbor hero Dorie Miller -- Washington Times
Navy names aircraft carrier for Dorie Miller, black sailor from Waco and unlikely Pearl Harbor hero -- Dallas Morning News

North Korea Replaces Its Foreign Minister

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 08:57 PM PST

North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho attends a meeting with China's President Xi Jinping at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China December 7, 2018. Fred Dufour/Pool via REUTERS

NK News: Ri Yong Ho replaced as North Korean foreign minister, sources say

Ri Son Gwon will be replacement, sources say, a shift which could see major changes to foreign policy posture

North Korea's foreign minister Ri Yong Ho has been replaced, sources in Pyongyang confirmed to NK News, in a major political reshuffle which could have a significant impact on the country's diplomatic stance going forward.

He will be replaced by Ri Son Gwon, multiple informed sources told NK News, the former chairman of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Country (CPRC).

Ri Son Gwon, who played a prominent role in inter-Korean talks in early 2018, also previously served as an official at the Policy Department of the now-defunct National Defence Commission (NDC).

And he was once known as the right-hand man of Kim Yong Chol, director of the United Front Department, and appeared at a second round of inter-Korean working-level military talks in October 2006

Read more ....

WNU Editor: When a country like North Korea is replacing its senior foreign diplomats, this usually signals a major change in policy. What are does changes is still unclear.

Update: Yup. There is going to be a change in policy .... N.Korean top envoys return to Pyongyang (NK News).

More News On North Korea Replacing Its Foreign Minister

North Korean foreign minister replaced: report -- Reuters
North Korea replaces its foreign minister: report -- The Hill
North Korea Replaces Ri Yong Ho as Foreign Minister: NK News -- Bloomberg

No. 2 General At The Pentagon Says North Korea Building New Missiles 'As Fast As Anybody On The Planet'

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 07:36 PM PST



CNN: No. 2 US general says North Korea building new missiles 'as fast as anybody on the planet'

Washington (CNN)North Korea is "building new missiles, new capabilities, new weapons as fast as anybody on the planet," and learning from its mistakes as it makes advances in its missile programs, the No. 2 general at the Pentagon said Friday.

Air Force Gen. John Hyten, the vice-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, made the comments as talks between Washington and Pyongyang over North Korea's nuclear program have stalled and Kim Jong Un has signaled he may be ready to test more missiles that could be capable of hitting the United States.

"If you want to go fast in the missile business you need to test fast, fly fast and learn fast. Look at Space X in this country. There were some pretty spectacular failures. Did they stop? No," Hyten said while speaking at the Center for Strategic & International Studies in Washington.

Read more ....

Update: US official warns of N.Korea's weapons development (NHK)

WNU Editor: Vice-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General John Hyten is also confident that America's defences can stop North Korea's missile threat .... US General '100% Confident' Against North Korean Missiles (VOA).

Growing Interest In .338 Caliber Machine Guns

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 06:51 PM PST



Warzone/The Drive: Makers Of The Famous Minigun Give Us Our First Look At A .338 Magnum Gatling Gun

There is a growing interest in .338 caliber machine guns, which offer greater range than 7.62mm types, and this one would provide a high rate of fire.

Dillon Aero has revealed that it is working on a new Minigun-style machine gun chambered to fire .338 Norma Magnum ammunition. U.S. Special Operations Command is separately testing more traditional machine gun designs in this same caliber, which has previously been more commonly associated with sniper rifles.

The Arizona-based gunmaker posted a picture of the still-experimental prototype on its official Facebook page on Jan. 15, 2020. The company says it will show the gun publicly for the first time at the upcoming 2020 SHOT Show in Las Vegas, which opens next week. Dillon Aero is best known as one of the few remaining manufacturers of versions of the iconic 7.62mm Minigun machine gun, which General Electric first designed and built in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Read more ....

WNU Editor: US Special Forces like what these guns can offer .... US Special Operations Command just picked up a new lightweight machine gun (Business Insider)

U.S. Sanctions Are Cratering The Iranian Economy

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 06:29 PM PST

Raphael Badani, American Interest: Iran's shriveling economy shows effectiveness of US sanctions

The reimposition of economic sanctions following the 2015 nuclear deal directly impacted Iran's economy, seemingly causing it to shrink 9.5 percent in 2019. Following the assassination of Qassem Soleimani, and Iran's retaliatory strike on a U.S. Army base in Baghdad, Trump increased sanctions substantially. This, in turn, limits Iran's ability to fight back against the targeted killing of Soleimani.

The Situation in Iran

Iran, an already isolated country, is increasingly becoming an outlier in the international community. Iran is a country where clerical and civil leaders are usually at odds with one another, and the conflict ultimately affects ordinary Iranians. Generally, clerical leaders like Ayatollah Ali Khamenei are faithful to the 1979 Islamic revolution, and civil leaders like President Hassan Rouhani favor a slightly more progressive path.

Read more ....

WNU Editor: The Iranians have suffered a lot since the revolution. But after almost 40 years of unrest, wars, and sanctions, you would think that for the average Iranian they would be saying enough is enough.

Israeli Intelligence: Iran Likely To Field Nuclear ICBM In 2 Years

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 05:36 PM PST

Photo: Shahab-3 is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) developed by Iran (Wikipedia).

Breaking Defense: Iran Likely To Field Nuclear ICBM In 2 Years: Israeli Intelligence

Once Iran builds such a warhead, Israeli experts told Breaking D that all Iranian ballistic missiles with at least a diameter of 4.1 feet can be fitted to carry one. An example is the Shahab-3, with a range of 620 miles.

TEL AVIV: Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) intelligence says Iran is two years from a capability to equip one of its ballistic missiles with nuclear warhead.

Such a development would constitute a red line, an Israeli official says: "The clock ticks toward this point, and Israel will know exactly when the foot will be put on the red line or very near to it."

However, Iran has not yet built a nuclear weapon. And reducing a nuclear weapon to the size and weight allowing it to be carried on a ballistic missile is challenging, though Iran has demonstrated impressive engineering chops in some of its nuclear work.

Read more ....

Update: Explainer: How close is Iran to producing a nuclear bomb? (Reuters)

WNU Editor: It appears that Iran has been working on having a nuclear weapon for a long time .... EXCLUSIVE: Secret document that PROVES Iran was building a nuclear weapon as far back as 2002 - even while they claimed the technology was only for peaceful purposes (Daily Mail).

Space Force Unveils Its New Uniforms With A Camouflage Design

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 05:05 PM PST


The Hill: Space Force unveils service uniforms with camouflage design

The U.S. Space Force (USSF) late Friday unveiled camouflage uniforms bearing the branch's first nametapes for its members.

"The first #SpaceForce utility uniform nametapes have touched down in the Pentagon," the service branch tweeted from its official account, attaching a photo of the uniforms.

The uniforms were welcomed with praise by some, including the official Twitter account for the U.S. Navy, which called the clothing "out of this world" in a tweet.

"What are the coordinates? Let's trade," the military branch added.

Read more ....

More News On Space Force Unveiling Its New Uniforms

US Space Force sparks hilarity after revealing its new uniform and is ridiculed for choosing camouflage as jokers suggest better patterns with stars on -- Daily Mail
Space Force Offers First Peek at Camouflage Uniform -- Military.com
Twitter Asks Space Force Why They Need Camo Uniforms -- Newsweek
The first Space Force uniforms have reached the Pentagon, and people are making fun of the camouflage print -- Business Insider
Space Force offers first look at service uniforms -- Washington Examiner
The US Space Force has revealed its utility uniform, and the internet has things to say about it -- CNN
US Space Force mocked for unveiling camouflage uniforms -- BBC

U.S. Navy's Aircraft Carriers Will Soon Have A Special Command And Control Mini 'Drone-Headquarters'

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:46 PM PST

The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Scott Swofford)

FOX News/Warrior Maven: Navy builds aircraft carrier drone headquarters

The Navy is building a special new command and control mini "drone-headquarters" space on its aircraft carriers to operate deck-launched drones as part of a strategy aimed at massively increasing the scope of carrier-launched drone missions in coming years.

Launching drones from carriers represents an unprecedented technical leap for the Navy as it seeks to expand surveillance and combat range and mission scope for its Carrier Air Wings. The new space, as explained Jan.16 at the Surface Navy Association Annual Symposium in Arlington, Va. by senior Navy leaders, is being engineered as an adaptation to existing ship-based structures and configurations. The center, called Unmanned Aviation Warfare Center, is being built into both the Navy's new Ford-class carriers as well as its existing Nimitz-class carriers.

Read more ....

WNU Editor: A sign of the times.

Editor's Note

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 06:48 AM PST

Taking some R&R today. Blogging will return this evening.

Latest Govt Jobs, Sarkari Naukri, Results

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 10:16 PM PST

Latest Govt Jobs, Sarkari Naukri, Results


Download Karnataka Bank PO Exam Syllabus Pdf & Check Exam Pattern Details Below!!

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:59 AM PST

Karnataka Bank Exam Pattern and Syllabus 

Karnataka Bank Syllabus 2020 – Are you searching for Karnataka Bank Exam Syllabus? Then scroll down the page to catch up with the Probationary Officer & Clerk Exam Syllabus Details. In this article, we have stated the syllabus & exam pattern details. Go through it and plan for the exam preparation to crack the Karnataka Bank Exam 2020

Karnataka Bank PO Exam Pattern and Syllabus 

Aspirants who are preparing for the Karnataka Bank Probationary Officer Exam which is going to be conducted on 16th February 2020 check out this section to get an idea about the exam pattern & syllabus for the PO Exam. Before you start with the exam preparation go through the given details for better preparation. Get ready well and do your best in the written examination.

Download Karnataka Bank PO Exam Syllabus Pdf & Check Exam Pattern Details Below!!

Karnataka Bank PO Exam Syllabus 

Organization Name Karnataka Bank
Name of the Post Probationary Officer
Examination Date 16th February 2020
 Category  Syllabus
Job Location Karnataka
Official Website www.karnatakabank.com

Karnataka Bank PO Exam Pattern 2020  

Subject No. of. Questions No. of. Marks
Reasoning 50 50
English 40 40
General Awareness
(with special reference to the banking industry)
40 40
Computer Knowledge 20 20
Quantitative Aptitude 50 50
Total  250

Karnataka Bank PO Syllabus 2020

Reasoning

  • Analogy
  • Arithmetical Reasoning
  • Blood Relations
  • Number Series
  • Coding-Decoding
  • Non-Verbal Series
  • Number Ranking
  • Alphabet Series
  • Directions
  • Decision Making
  • Mirror Images
  • Clocks & Calendars
  • Cubes and Dice
  • Embedded Figures

English Language

  • Sentence Rearrangement
  • Fill in the Blanks
  • Comprehension
  • Grammar
  • Vocabulary
  • Synonyms
  • Unseen Passages
  • Verb
  • Subject-Verb Agreement
  • Tenses
  • Error Correction
  • Adverb
  • Articles
  • Idioms & Phrases
  • Antonyms

Quantitative Aptitude

  • Number System
  • Percentages
  • Decimal & Fractions
  • Average
  • Simplification
  • Problems on Ages
  • Profit and Loss
  • Time and Work
  • Ratio and Proportions
  • Time and Distance
  • HCF & LCM
  • Mixtures & Allegations
  • Simple & Compound Interest
  • Data Interpretation

General Awareness

  • International & National Organizations
  • Abbreviations
  • Current Affairs – National & International
  • Awards and Honors
  • Budget and Five Year Plans
  • Important Days
  • Important Financial & Economic News
  • Sports
  • Books and Authors
  • Science – Inventions & Discoveries
  • Countries & Capitals

Computer Awareness

  • Basic of Computers
  • Computer Organization
  • Generations of the computer
  • Input & Output Device
  • Shortcuts & Basic knowledge MS word
  • MS Excel
  • MS Powerpoint
  • Memory Orientation
  • Internet
  • LAN
  • WAN
  • Modem
  • Computer Abbreviations
  • Modern-day Technology

RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020 – Download RRB NTPC CBT & Other Posts Hall Ticket

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 03:38 AM PST

RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020   Download RRB NTPC CBT & Other Posts Hall TicketRRB NTPC Admit Card 2020. Applicants who had applied to this Railway Recruitment Board for various posts can get the RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020 here. Download Indian Railways Non-Technical NTPC Hall Ticket 2020 at www.indianrailways.gov.in. A total of 1.6 crore students have registered for the 35,277 posts under the NTPC Exams 2020. As per the recent notification, the CBT 1 Exam 2019 will be conducted between June 2019 to September 2019 month. Here we will give you detailed information regarding the RRB NTPC Exams 2020 for the TC, ECRC, Goods Guard, TA, CA, Time Keeper, Clerk Cum Typist, JAA & ASM Posts. Candidates can download Call Letter for all zones from the Official Website links that are attached below.

Exam Name Admit Card Date Admit Card Link
RRB NTPC CBT Admit Card RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020   Download RRB NTPC CBT & Other Posts Hall Ticket April 2020 RRB NTPC Hall Ticket
JE CBT Exam, Gorakhpur Updated Soon RRB Gorakhpur Admit Card

RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020 – The Railway Recruitment Board has issued the Meeting Notice for the Computer Based Test to be held from April 2020. Thus, the admit card has been issued on the official website to download. Stick to the official website to download the hall ticket.

UPDATE: RRB NTPC First Stage CBT Exam Date Postponed to April 2020. Get the Exam Dates and RRB NTPC CBT 1 Admit Card @ www.indianrailways.gov.in RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020   Download RRB NTPC CBT & Other Posts Hall Ticket

Description Details
Name of the Board Indian Railways, Railway Recruitment Boards
Exam Details NTPC CBT Exam
No of Vacancies 35277
Category Admit Card
Admit Card Date 04 Days before the exam
Exam Date April 2020
Result Date Available Soon
Official Website www.indianrailways.gov.in
RRB NTPC CBT Admit Card 2020 – Download HereRRB NTPC Admit Card 2020   Download RRB NTPC CBT & Other Posts Hall Ticket

RRB Gorakhpur Admit Card 2019 – The Gorakhpur admit card is yet to release. The hall ticket link will be activated soon once the board releases. Hence, the admit card is for 3388 JE, JE/ IT, DMS, CMA posts. Moreover, the exam date will be declared by the board on the official website. After the exam date declaration, the board will release the admit card.

Name of the Board Indian Railways, Railway Recruitment Boards
Entrance Exam Details NTPC CBT Exam 2019
Category Admit Cards
Admit Card Date June 2019 Tentatively
Exam Date Updated Soon
Result Date Updated Soon
Official Website www.indianrailways.gov.in
RRB Gorakhpur Admit Card 2019 – Download Here

How to Download RRB NTPC Admit Card?

  1. Click on the link attached below to visit the official website of Indian Railways Board.
  2. Select the zone.
  3. Search the link related to the Railway NTPC Non-Technical Exam Admit Card 2020.
  4. Enter the details like Registration Number and DOB.
  5. Download and save the Admit Card.
  6. Take a Print of it to attend the NTPC Exam 2020.

Details displayed on the RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020

Candidates who are Preparing for NTPC Exam can download Admit Card for NonTechnical NTPC Recruitment 2020. Applicants have to download  NTPC Non-Technical Admit Card 15 days before the exam date. The RRB Non-Technical NTPC Exam details like exam date, venue, time will be given in Railway NTPC admit card itself. Admit Card is a mandatory document to the candidates to write the Exam. No candidate will not be permitted into the examination hall without Admit Card 2020. Details that are listed on the Non-Technical Group C & Group D Hall Ticket must be verified properly before downloading it. Displayed details must be correct and proper, in case of changes, do contact with the Railway Recruitment Boards Official Website.

  • Name of the Candidate
  • Registration Number
  • Name of the Examination
  • Exam Date and Timing
  • Examination Centre
  • Instruction on the Admit Card
  • And the signature of applicant and exam counsellor

Information about RRB Non-Technical Group C & Group D Exam 2020

Railway Recruitment Board has released National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Exams for various posts. Those who have registered for the RRB Non-Technical Exams can check out for the details and download the admit card according to the State-wise. Examiners are asked to reach the examination centre in prior with 1 hour before the exam timing to avoid confusion. Aspirants are advised to bring any one of the identity proof along with the downloaded Admit Card 2020. Here we are providing the easy steps for the guidance of the candidates for downloading the RRB NTPC NonTechnical Exam Admit Card from the official site. Follow the steps provided above.

  • Voter ID
  • Passport
  • PAN Card
  • Aadhar Card
  • Employee ID
  • Driving License
  • College ID
  • Photograph
  • And any another id assigned by the state or central Govt.

Download Division wise Admit Card for RRB NTPC Exam 2020

RRB Zone/ Headquarters Railway Division Admit Card
Ahemdabad Mumbai, Indore, Bandra Available Soon
Ajmer Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur Available Soon
Allahabad Jhansi, Agra, Kanpur Available Soon
Gorakhpur Lucknow, Varanasi, Izzatnagar Available Soon
Patna Samstipur, Danapur, Dhanbad Available Soon
Bilaspur Nagpur, Raipur, Bhilai Available Soon
Bhopal Rewa, Jabalpur, Kota Available Soon
Chennai Tamilnadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh Available Soon
Bengaluru Dharmapuri, Hubbalii Available Soon
Mumbai Gujarat, Ratlam, Vadodra Available Soon
Secunderabad Vijayawada, Solapur Available Soon
Bhubaneshwar Khurda Road, Sambalpur Available Soon
Chandigarh Delhi Available Soon
Kolkata Jharkhand, Malda, Asansol, Howrah Available Soon
Guwahati Assam, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Manipur Available Soon
Ranchi Kharagpur, West Bengal, Kolkata Available Soon
Muzzafarpur Available Soon
Jammu-Srinagar Available Soon
Malda Available Soon
Siliguri Available Soon
Thiruvananthapuram Available Soon

APPSC JL Syllabus 2020 – APPSC Junior Lecturer Exam Pattern @ psc.ap.gov.in

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 03:19 AM PST

We have updated the APPSC JL Syllabus Pdf for the candidate's reference. Therefore, applicants looking for the Syllabus 2020 for the Junior Lecturer Posts can make use of this article. Also, applicants can get here the Exam Pattern as well as the Question Paper Details. Hence, Interested Applicants can download the Syllabus Pdf and prepare well for the Exam.

APPSC JL Syllabus 2020

A Syllabus acts as a very important part for the aspirants who have applied for the Junior Lecturer posts. The department is going to conduct a written exam on 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd January 2020 17th & 20th February 2020. Therefore, it is important to refer to the Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission JL Exam Syllabus for better preparation. Interested contenders can also check the Exam Pattern for a detailed concept for the paper. Also, applicants can visit the official website of Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission @ psc.sp.gov.in.com to download the detailed Syllabus Pdf along with the Test Pattern.

APPSC Junior Lecturer Syllabus 2020 Details @ www.psc.ap.gov.in

Organization Name Andhra Pradesh State Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Name of Posts Government Junior Lecturer
Category Syllabus
APPSC Junior Lecturer Exam Date 17th & 20th February 2020
Official Website www.psc.ap.gov.in

Selection Process:

Candidates applying for the posts of Junior Lecturers under the Govt Jr. Colleges need to undergo the following selection criteria:

  • Written Test
  • Oral Test/ Interview

Andhra Pradesh PSC Junior Lecturer Exam Pattern 2020

 Papers  No. of Questions  Duration (Minutes)  Maximum Marks
 Paper-1: General Studies & Mental Ability (Degree Standard)  150  150  150
 Paper-2: Concerned Subject (One Only) (P.G. Standard)  150  150  300
  • There will be two parts: Part A & Part B.
  • For Part-A, it will be a written examination that will consist of Objective Type Questions.
  • And, For Part-B, It will be an Oral Test that will consist of 50 Marks.
  • There will be negative marking for each wrong answer i.e. 1/3rd of the marks will be deducted.

APPSC Junior Lecturers Syllabus Pdf 2020

Syllabus plays a very crucial role in any competitive exam. Without the help of the APPSC JL Exam Syllabus, it is not possible to qualify the exam with a good score. Hence, aspirants must read the subject wise syllabus.

APPSC Junior Lecturer Syllabus for Paper-1: General Studies & Mental Ability

  • Events of national and international importance.
  • Current affairs- international, national and regional.
  • General Science and its applications to the day to day life Contemporary developments in Science & Technology and Information Technology.
  • The social- economic and political history of modern India with emphasis on Andhra Pradesh.
  • Indian polity and governance: constitutional issues, public policy, reforms and e-governance initiatives with specific reference to Andhra Pradesh.
  • Economic development in India since independence with emphasis on Andhra Pradesh.
  • The physical geography of the Indian sub-continent and Andhra Pradesh.
  • Disaster management: vulnerability profile, prevention and mitigation strategies, Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in the assessment of Disaster.
  • Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection
  • Logical reasoning, analytical ability, and data interpretation.
  • Data Analysis
  • Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and it’s Administrative, Economic, Social, Cultural, Political, and Legal Implications/problems.

AP PSC Junior Lecturer Exam Syllabus for Paper-2: English

  • Writers and Texts.
  • Movements and Concepts.
  • English Language Teaching.

Andhra Pradesh PSC JL Syllabus – Mathematics

  • Metric Spaces.
  • Group Theory.
  • Vector Spaces.
  • Complex Analysis.
  • Partial Differential Equations.
  • Ordinary Differential Equations.
  • Matrix Theory.
  • Ring Theory.
  • Elementary Number.
  • Real Analysis.

Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission Syllabus – Urdu

  • Deccaniyat.
  • Literary Criticism.
  • Urdu Journalism, Translation, & Mass, Media, Print and Electronic.
  • Origin & Development of Urdu Language.
  • Development of Different Forms of Literature.
  • Different Literary Movements.

Junior Lecturer Syllabus for Commerce

  • Financial and Management Accounting.
  • Human Resources Management.
  • IT and e-Commerce.
  • Financial Management.
  • Managerial Economics.
  • Quantitative Techniques.

AP Public Service Commission Syllabus – Physics

  • Mathematical Methods of Physics.
  • Electromagnetic Theory.
  • Electronics.
  • Condensed Matter Physics.
  • Classical Mechanics.
  • Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics.
  • Atomic & Molecular Physics.
  • Nuclear and Particle Physics.
  • Quantum Mechanics.

JL Chemistry Syllabus 2020

  • Organic Chemistry.
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry.

APPSC Jr Lecturer Exam Syllabus 2020 – Botany

  • Cytology, Genetics, and Cytogenetics.
  • Biology and Diversity of Lower Plants.
  • Taxonomy and Diversity of Seed Plants.
  • Plant Resource Utilization and Conservation.
  • Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants
  • Plant Development and Reproduction.
  • Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering of Plants and Microbes.
  • Plant Ecology.
  • Plant Physiology and Metabolism.

Junior Lecturers Zoology Syllabus Pdf

  • Chordata.
  • Genetics.
  • Developmental Biology.
  • Ecology.
  • General Concepts.
  • Cell Biology.
  • System and Cell Physiology.
  • Histology.
  • Immunology.

Junior Lecturers Syllabus for APPSC Exam – Statistics

  • Distribution Theory.
  • Design of Experiments.
  • Probability Theory.
  • Statistical Inference.

APPSC Junior Lecturer Exam Syllabus – Biotechnology

  • Biomolecules and Analytical Techniques.
  • Immunology.
  • Enzyme Technology.
  • Genetic Engineering.
  • Plant Biotechnology.
  • Cell Biology.
  • Microbiology.
  • Bioprocess Engineering.
  • Environmental Biotechnology.
  • Bioinformatics.
  • Animal Biotechnology.

AP PSC Syllabus – Microbiology

  • Cell and Molecular Biology, Virology.
  • Biostatistics.
  • Industrial Microbiology.
  • General Microbiology and Microbial Physiology.
  • Immunology.
  • Bioinformatics.
  • Medical Microbiology.

Andhra Pradesh AP PSC Syllabus – Computer Applications

  • Data Warehousing and Mining.
  • E-Commerce and Security.
  • Artificial Intelligence.
  • Mathematical Foundations.
  • Web Technologies.
  • Management Information Systems.

APPSC JL Syllabus 2020 – Computer Science

  • Mathematical Foundations.
  • Data and File Structures.
  • Principles of Programming Languages.
  • Digital Logic Design and Computer Organization.
  • Relational Database Design and SQL.
  • Software Engineering.
  • Distributed Operating Systems.
  • Programming.
  • Design and Analysis of Algorithms.
  • Theory of Computation and Compiler Design.
  • Operating Systems and Unix.
  • Computer Networks.
  • Data Warehousing and Mining.
  • Web Technologies.

Junior Lecturer AP Public Service Commission Syllabus – Geology

  • Structural geology and Geotectonics.
  • Paleontology.
  • Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.
  • Geochemistry.
  • Indian Mineral Deposits and Mineral Economics.
  • Mineral Exploration.
  • Engineering Geology.
  • Geomorphology and Remote Sensing.
  • Stratigraphy.
  • Crystallography and Mineralogy.
  • Sedimentology.
  • Environmental Geology.
  • Ore Genesis.
  • Fuels.
  • Hydrogeology.

APPSC JL Syllabus 2020 for Economics

  • Microeconomic Analysis
  • Macroeconomic Analysis
  • Development and Growth
  • Money and Banking
  • Public Finance
  • International Trade and Finance
  • Indian Economy
  • Quantitative Methods

Andhra Pradesh PSC JL Syllabus 2020 for Civics

  • Public Policy
  • Research Methodology
  • Public Administration
  • Political Science

APPSC JL Syllabus 2020 – History

  • Ancient India
  • Medieval India
  • Modern India (1757 – 1947)
  • Modern World

Download AP JL Syllabus 2020 Pdf

NVS Admit Card 2020 for Class 9 Released for Lateral Entry Test | Check Phase 2 Exam Date Here

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 03:10 AM PST

JNVST Class 9 Admit Card 2020 Released | The board released the admit card for the Class 9 Exam. Hence, the Class 9 Exam will be held on 08th February 2020. Therefore, let all the candidates can download the hall ticket from the direct link provided at the bottom of the section. The Institute issued the JNVST Class 9 Admit Card on 18th January 2020.

NVS Admit Card 2020 for Class 9 Released for Lateral Entry Test | Check Phase 2 Exam Date Here

JNV Class 9 Hall Ticket 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Board Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (JNV)
Exam Type Class IX Lateral Entry Test-2020
No of Vacancies Various
JNV Class 9 Exam Date 08th February 2020
Admit Card Date 18th January 2020
Category Admit Card
Official Website navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Home1/

{NVS Class 9 Admit Card 2020 Download}


JNV Admit Card 2020 – The Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti is going to conduct the Phase 2 Exam on 11th April 2020. Hence, Candidates who are going to clear the Phase I Exam with eligible scoring are only eligible to take down the Phase-II Examination. Though, the Institute will release the Navodaya Vidyalaya Class 6 Admit Card in the month of March 2020. So keep track on our webpage to get the Navodaya Vidyalaya Admit Card.

JNV Admit Card 6th Class 2020 – HighLights

Description Details
Name of the Board Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (JNV)
Exam Type JNV Class 6 Phase II Exam
No of Vacancies Various
JNV Class 6 Exam Date 2020 11th April 2020
JNV Admit Card Date for Class 6 March 2020 (Expected)
Category Admit Card
Official Website navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Home1/

{NVS Class 6 Admit Card Download}


JNV Admit Card 2020 –  The Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti has released the NVS Admit Card Details for Entrance Exam. All the registered students can download their Admit Card before the exam schedule. The Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya has released the NVS Class 6 Admit Card details for JNVST Phase1-1 Examinations. It would be an important document for all the students. The Student who failed to take the JNVST Admit Card will not be allowed to write the exam.

Asper the Notifications from the JNVST Board only the applied Students can download the Navodaya Vidyalaya Admit Card from the below-given link. The released Admit Card is only for Class – 6 and the exam date for the entrance exam are 11th January 2020 & Phase 2 Exam on 11th April 2020 based on the State.

JNV Admit Card 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Board Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (JNV)
Exam Type JNV Entrance Exam Phase-1
No of Vacancies Various
Phase I Exam Date 11th January 2020
Phase II Exam Date 11th April 2020
Category Admit Card
Official Website navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Home1/

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Exam Process

The Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Selection Team segregated the exam process given below. It could be only objective type questions. So the students need to prepare for their JNV Class 6 exam based on the below table. Only an extra 30 minutes given to differently-abled students. Download the JNV Admit Card by the side of the exam preparation to take down the examination.

Type of Test Questions Marks Time Duration
Mental Ability Test 40 50 60 minutes
Language Test 20 25 30 minutes
Arithmetic Test 20 25 30 minutes
Total 80 100 2 Hours

Jawahar Navodaya Exam Center Details

Every year the Jawahar Navodaya Board will have an exam on 28 states and 7 Union Territories for Class Students. Now the JNV Board has officially confirmed the exam dates with different states, based on the location the exam dates may vary for the students. So below table represents a clear view of the exam dates and states. Students need to visit our website or official Website to know the updates from the JNVST Board.

Exam Date States
11th January 2020 (Saturday)
(11.30 AM)
 Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Orissa, Maharashtra, Punjab,  Tripura, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, & West Bengal, Union Territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Rajasthan, Chandigarh, Dadar, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep, and Pudducherry.

(Excluded Dibang Valley & Tawang Districts, Chamba, Kinnaur, Sirmour, Kullu, Mandi, Lahaul & Spiti, and Shimla Districts, Darjeeling)

11th April 2020 (Saturday)
(11.30 AM)
 Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttrakhand and in the Districts of Dibang Valley and Tawang of Arunachal Pradesh, in the Districts of Chamba, Kinnaur, Mandi, Sirmour, Kullu, Lahaul & Spiti and Shimlaof Himachal Pradesh, in the District of Darjeeling of West Bengal.

Mandatory Details on JNV Admit Card 2020

The JNVST Admit Card contains all vital details about the students. Below are a few general details given should be available on your NVS Admit Card. Along with the Admit Card Student also carry Adhar Card will be very useful to the JNV Board at the time of Verifications.

  • Student Name
  • The venue of the Exam Centre
  • Date & Time of the Test
  • Reporting Time to the Exam Hall
  • Gender (Male/ Female)
  • Roll Number
  • Duration of the Test
  • Space for Invigilator's Signature
  • Registration Number
  • Name of the Test Centre
  • Space for Applicant's Signature
  • Name of the Exam Conducting Board
  • Photograph of the Student
  • Applicant's Date of Birth
  • Name of the exam
  • Important Guidelines for the Exam Takers
  • Full Name of the Applicant
  • Examination Centre Code
  • Signature of the Board Counselor

JNV Exam Date 2020 |  11th January 2020 & 11th April 2020

Steps to get JNV Admit Card 2020

To Download NVS Class 6 Admit Card, Students need to provide their registration number along with their Date of Birth. The Students who are not registered with JVNST Exam will not be able to download their JNV Admit Card. Follow the provided below steps to download your Admit Card.

  1. Click the Navodaya Vidyalaya Class 6 Admit Card link from the important links provided below.
  2. Enter your Registration Number and Date of Birth.
  3. Click the submit button to log in to your JNV Page.
  4. Give the required details appearing on the screen
  5. Verify the entered credentials on the NVS Hall Ticket.
  6. After the clear glance Submit the Admit Card.
  7. Finally, download your JNVST Admit Card.
  8. Take a print out of the admit card and carry it for the JNVST Exam Class 6.

 Important Links

JNV Admit Card Download Here
Official Website Click Here

JNVST Result – The JNVST result will be updated on our official Webpage, once it is confirmed from the JNVST Board. Visit recruitment.guru daily basis to get the complete updates about the Government Exams.

Other Important Links

All Exam Admit Cards

All Employment News

JPSC Syllabus 2020 Pdf – APP, Scientific Officer & District Sports Officer, AD/Sub Divisional AO Exam Pattern

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 03:08 AM PST

Dear Candidates !!! Are you searching for Jharkhand PSC Syllabus? If yes, then this article is the right destination for you. All the aspirants who had applied for JPSC Recruitment are in need to gather the JPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 to get the highest scores in the examination. So, in order to help the candidates, we are providing JPSC Syllabus, Exam Pattern, Selection Process and also the Previous Year Question Papers on this page. Candidates can use this wonderful opportunity to achieve their dream job. Go ahead and get more detailed information about JPSC Syllabus 2020.

Name of the Post Syllabus Link
Combined Civil Service Exam Click Here
Scientific Officer Click Here
 Assistant Public Prosecutor (APP/ APO) Click Here
District Sports Officer, Asst Director / Sub Divisional AO Click Here

JPSC Scientific Officer Syllabus 2020 PDF

Dear Folks !! Jharkhand Public Service Commission Officials are going to conducting a Written Examination on 19th January 2020 to filling the various vacancies of the Scientific Officer Posts. Interested candidates can use this amazing opportunity to achieve their dream job. Those aspirants who have applied for the recruitment exam and want to know the JPSC Syllabus 2020 can continue reading the page to get the complete details regarding the exam pattern and its syllabus.

JPSC Syllabus 2020 Pdf    APP, Scientific Officer & District Sports Officer, AD/Sub Divisional AO Exam Pattern

People who are willing to take part in the JPSC Scientific Officer Written Exam must download the JPSC Syllabus along with Jharkhand PSC Scientific Officer Exam Pattern from the direct links disclosed on this page. Jharkhand Public Service Commission Board Authority will conduct the written examination in various examination centres. To those aspirants, we have enclosed the Jharkhand PSC Scientific Officer Exam Syllabus 2020 Subject Wise which will provide information about topics and subtopics essential to prepare well for the examination.

JPSC Scientific Officer Exam 2020-20 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Organization Jharkhand Public Service Commission
No of Vacancies Various
Name of the Post Scientific Officer
Category Syllabus
JPSC SO Exam Date 2020 19th January 2020
Official Website jpsc.gov.in

Before appearing in the examination, candidates should have a clear idea about the JPSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2020 of the exam. To get recruited through Jharkhand Public Service Commission, candidates need to clear the exam pattern to get qualifying marks in the written examination.

JPSC Scientific Officer Exam Pattern 2020

Name of the Subject Number of Marks Type of Examination
Geology Paper I 70 Objective Type Examination
Geology Paper II 60
Geology Paper III 70
Total 200

Selection Procedures:

Most of the job hunters are eagerly waiting to get the job at Jharkhand Public Service Commission which a secure career path for them. If you are one in that group then you need to work hard. Because selection will be purely based on the candidate’s performance and skills which are shown in the following rounds.

  • Written Examination
  • Interview

[JPSC Scientific Officer Syllabus PDF]

Download JPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF

Geology Paper I

Geomorphology and Remote Sensing

  • Basic principles
  • Weathering and soils, Mass wasting
  • Influence of climate on processes
  • Concept of erosion cycles
  • Geomorphology of fluvial tracts, arid zones, coastal regions, ‘Karst’ landscapes and glaciated ranges
  • Geomorphic mapping, slope analysis, and drainage basin analysis
  • Applications of geomorphology in mineral 1150specting
  • Civil engineering, hydrology, and environmental studies
  • Topographical maps
  • Geomorphology of India Concepts and principles of aerial photography and photogrammetry
  • Satellite remote sensing data products and their interpretation
  • Digital image processing
  • Remote sensing in landform and land use mapping, structural mapping, hydrogeological/ studies and mineral exploration
  • Global and Indian Space Missions
  • Geographic Information System (GIS) – principles and applications

Structural Geology

  • Principles of geological mapping and map reading, projection diagrams
  • Stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials
  • Measurement of strain in deformed rocks
  • The behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions.
  • Structural analysis of folds, cleavages, lineations, joints and faults.
    Superposed deformation
  • Mechanism of folding and faulting. Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation
  • Unconformities and basement-cover relations
  • Structural behaviour of igneous rocks, diapirs and salt domes
  • Introduction to petrofabrics.

JPSC Syllabus 2020 – Geotectonics

  • Earth and the solar system, Meteorites and other extra-terrestrial materials
  • Planetary evolution of the earth and its internal structure
  • Heterogeneity of the earth’s crust
  • Major tectonic features of the Oceanic and Continental crust
  • Continental drift – geological and geophysical evidence, mechanics, objections, present status
  • Gravity and magnetic anomalies at Mid-ocean ridges, deep-sea trenches, continental shield areas and mountain chains Palaeomagnetism
  • Seafloor spreading and Plate Tectonics. Island arcs, Oceanic islands and volcanic arcs. Isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny.
  • Seismic belts of the earth
  • Seismicity and plate movements
  • Geodynamics of the Indian plate

Stratigraphy

  • Nomenclature and the modern stratigraphic code
  • Radioisotopes and measuring
  • Geological time
  • Geological time-scale
  • Stratigraphic procedures of correlation of unfossiliferous rocks
  • Precambrian stratigraphy of India
  • Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic formations of India
  • Gondwana system and Gondwanaland
  • Rise of the Himalaya and evolution of Siwalik basin
  • Deccan Volcanics
  • Quaternary Stratigraphy
  • Rock record, palaeoclimate and palaeogeography

JPSC Scientific Officer Syllabus – Palaeontology

  • The fossil record and geological time-scale
  • Morphology and time-ranges of fossil groups
  • Evolutionary changes in molluscs and mammals in geological time
    Principles of evolution
  • Use of species and genera of foraminifera and Echinodermata in biostratigraphic correlation
  • Siwalik vertebrate fauna
  • Gondwana flora, evidence of life in Precambrian times, different microfossil groups and their distribution in India

Geology Paper II

Mineralogy – JPSC Syllabus 2020

  • Physical, chemical and crystal/demographic characteristics of common rock-forming silicate mineral groups
  • Structural classification of silicates
  • Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks
  • Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups
    Optical properties of common rock-forming silicate .minerals, uniaxial and biaxial minerals
  • Extinction angles, pleochroism, the birefringence of minerals and their relation with mineral composition
  • Twinned crystals
  • Dispersion
  • The U-stage

Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

  • Forms, textures and structures of igneous rocks
  • Silicate melt equilibria, binary and ternary phase diagrams
  • Petrology and geotectonic evolution of granites, basalts, andesites and alkaline rocks
  • Petrology of gabbros, kimberlites, anorthosites and carbonatites
  • Origin of primary basic magmas
  • Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks
  • Regional and contact metamorphism of pelitic and impure calcareous rocks
  • Mineral assemblages
  • PIT conditions
  • Experimental and thermodynamic appraisal of metamorphic reactions
  • Characteristics of different grades and facies of metamorphism
  • Metasomatism and granitization, migmatites
  • Plate tectonics and metamorphic zones
  • Paired metamorphic belts

Sedimentology – JPSC Syllabus for Scientific Officer

  • Provenance and diagenesis of sediments
  • Sedimentary textures
  • Framework matrix and cement of terrigenous sediments
  • Definition, measurement and interpretation of grain size
  • Elements of hydraulics. Primary structures, palaeocurrent analysis
  • Biogenic and chemical sedimentary structures
  • Sedimentary environment- and facies
  • Facies modelling for marine, non-marine and mixed sediments
  • Tectonics and sedimentation
  • Classification and definition 02sedimentary basins, Sedimentary basins of India
  • Cyclic sediments
  • Seismic and sequence stratigraphy
  • Purpose and scope of basin analysis
  • Structure contours and isopach maps

JPSC Scientific Officer Geochemistry Syllabus

  • Earth in relation to the solar system and universe, a cosmic abundance of elements
  • Compositor of the planets and meteorites
  • Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements
  • Trace elements
  • Elementary crystal chemistry and thermodynamics
  • Introduction to isotope geochemistry
  • Geochemistry of hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere
  • Geochemical cycle and principles of geochemical prospecting

JPSC Environmental Geology Syllabus

  • Concepts and principles
  • Natural hazards – preventive/precautionary measures – floods, landslides, earthquakes, river and coastal erosion
  • Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities
  • Urbanization
  • Opencast mining and quarrying
  • River-valley projects
  • Disposal of industrial and radioactive waste
  • Excess withdrawal of groundwater
  • Use of fertilizers
  • Dumping of ores, mine’ waste and fly-ash
  • Organic and inorganic contamination of groundwater and their remedial measures
  • Soil degradation and remedial measures
  • Environment protection – legislative measures in India

Geology Paper III

Indian mineral deposits and mineral economics

  • Occurrence and distribution in India of metalliferous deposits base metals, iron, manganese, aluminium, chromium, nickel, gold, silver, molybdenum
  • Indian deposits of non-metals – mica, asbestos, barytes, gypsum, graphite, apatite and beryl
  • Gemstones, refractory minerals, abrasives and minerals used in glass, fertilizer, paint, ceramic and cement industries
  • Building stones
  • Phosphorite deposits
  • Placer deposits, rare earth minerals
  • Strategic, critical and essential minerals
  • India’s status in mineral production
  • Changing patterns of mineral consumption
  • National Mineral Policy
  • Mineral
  • Concession Rules
  • Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea

Ore genesis – JPSC Scientific Officer Syllabus

  • Ore deposits and ore minerals
  • Magmatic processes of mineralisation
  • Porphyry, skarn and hydrothermal mineralisation
  • Fluid inclusion studies
  • Mineralisation associated with (i) ultramafic, mafic and acidic rocks, (ii) greenstone belts, (iii) komatiites, anorthosites and kimberlites and (iv) submarine volcanism
  • Magmarelated mineralisation through geological time
  • Stratiform and stratabound ores
  • Ores and metamorphism – cause and effect relations

Mineral exploration Syllabus

  • Methods of surface and subsurface exploration, prospecting for economic minerals – drilling, sampling and assaying
  • Geophysical techniques – gravity, electrical, magnetic, airborne and seismic
  • Geomorphological and remote sensing techniques
  • Geobotanical and geochemical methods
  • Borehole logging and surveys for deviation

JPSC Scientific Officer Geology of fuels Syllabus

  • Definition, the origin of coal
  • Stratigraphy of coal measures
  • Fundamentals of coal petrology, peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite coal
  • Microscopic constituents of coal
  • Industrial application of coal petrology
  • Indian coal deposits
  • Diagenesis of organic materials
  • Origin, migration and entrapment of natural hydrocarbons
  • Characters of source and reservoir rocks
  • Structural, stratigraphic and mixed traps
  • Techniques of exploration
  • Geographical and geological distributions of onshore and offshore petroliferous basins of India
  • Mineralogy and geochemistry of radioactive minerals
  • Instrumental techniques of detection and measurement of the radioactivity
  • Radioactive methods for prospecting and assaying of mineral deposits
  • Distribution of radioactive minerals in India
  • Radioactive methods in petroleum exploration – well logging techniques
  • Nuclear waste disposal – geological constraints

Engineering geology

  • Mechanical properties of rocks and soils
  • Geological investigations for river valley projects – Dams and reservoirs; tunnels – types, methods and problems
  • Bridges – types and foundation problems
  • Shoreline engineering
  • Landslides – classification, causes, prevention and rehabilitation
  • Concrete aggregates – sources, alkali-aggregate reaction
  • Aseismic designing – seismicity in India and earthquake-resistant structures
  • Problems of groundwater in engineering projects
  • Geotechnical case studies of major projects in India

 Important Links Related To Jharkhand Public Service Commission


JPSC Assistant Public Prosecutor Syllabus

Jharkhand APO Syllabus updated here for Candidates to download at free of cost. Get the latest updated Jharkhand PSC Assistant Public Prosecutor Syllabus along with Exam Pattern. We have stated the Syllabus details to simplify the candidate's work without wasting on browsing unwanted topics. Refer to this entire article & plan the preparation time for the exam.

Jharkhand JPSC APO Syllabus Details 

Organization Name Jharkhand Public Service Commission (JPSC)
Name of the Post  Assistant Public Prosecutor (APP/ APO)
 Category  Syllabus
Job Location Jharkhand
Official Website   jpsc.gov.in

JPSC APO Exam Pattern 2020

JPSC APO Prelims Exam Pattern:

Subject Total Marks Duration
Paper-1  General Knowledge 100 02 Hours
Criminal Procedure Code
Paper-2 Indian Evidence Act 100 02 Hours
Indian Penal Code

JPSC APP Mains Exam Pattern:

Subject No.of. Questions
General Hindi 100
English 100
Essay 100
General Studies 100
Evidence & Criminal Procedure 200
Indian Constitutional Law 200
Criminal Minor Acts 200

JPSC Syllabus – Jharkhand APO Mains Syllabus 2020

English Syllabus:

  • Fill in the Blanks.
  • Sentence Rearrangement.
  • Unseen Passages.
  • Tenses.
  • Grammar.
  • Subject-Verb Agreement.
  • Error Correction.
  • Synonyms.
  • Antonyms.
  • Idioms & Phrases.
  • Comprehension.
  • Verb.
  • Articles.
  • Adverb.

General knowledge

  • Current Affairs- National & International.
  • History.
  • India & its Neighboring Countries.
  • Geography.
  • General Polity.
  • Economy.
  • States & Capitals.
  • Famous Personalities.
  • Famous places.
  • Countries & Currencies.
  • Art & Culture.
  • Sports.
  • Countries & Capitals.
  • Indian Constitution.
  • Politics.
  • Famous Books & authors.
  • Scientific Research.

General Awareness:

  • Indian Polity & Governance.
  • Chhattisgarh – Polity & Economy.
  • Indian Constitution.
  • Science & Technology
  • Economy.
  • Chhattisgarh – History.
  • Indian National Movement.
  • Geography – India & World.
  • Cultural Heritage.
  • About India.
  • Chhattisgarh – Geography.
  • History – India & World.

Indian Penal Code Syllabus:

  • The Indian Penal Code
  • Final report and framing of charge and translation
    • Deposition
    • Judgment
    • Charge Sheet

Criminal Minor Acts Syllabus:

  • Indian Forest Act
  • Motor vehicle act

Indian Constitutional Law Syllabus:

  • Indian Railway act
  • R.P.U.P Act

Evidence & Criminal Procedure Syllabus:

  • Indian Electricity Act
  • Dowry Prohibition Act
  • Wild Life Protection Act
  • Cruelty To Animals Act

 

[Download: JPSC Assistant Public Prosecutor Syllabus Pdf]


JPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF

The Officials of the Jharkhand Public Service Commission is intending to lead the Examinations for all the candidates whoever applied for the posts of District Sports Officer and Asst Director/Sub Divisional AO.  The Board Authority of Jharkhand Public Service Commission will be conducted the examinationSo, all the candidates must check JPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 details from this webpage. Alongside, candidates can get more information on JPSC District Sports Officer and Asst Director/Sub Divisional AO Syllabus, Exam Pattern and Selection Process 2020.

Applied candidates preparing for the JPSC District Sports Officer and Asst Director/Sub Divisional AO Exam must have to make sure to cover all the topics provided below. Make sure to include all the topics in the preparation curriculum. With a well-planned preparation, candidates can easily crack the exam. To help the candidates we have made some research on the Jharkhand PSC Examination Syllabus and have made them available to help candidates with the preparation. Candidates can check all essential details of JPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 instantly here and Through this JPSC Exam Syllabus schedule, candidates can make the strategy for the Preparation of the exam. Direct Official Link for each recent Updates on JPSC District Sports Officer and Asst Director/Sub Divisional AO Syllabus is Provided in this Page.

Jharkhand State PSC Exam 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Organization Jharkhand Public Service Commission
No of Vacancies Various
Name of the Post District Sports Officer, Asst Director / Sub Divisional AO
Category Syllabus
Official Website www.jpsc.gov.in

Jharkhand PSC Exam Pattern 2020 

Interested candidates can gather the JPSC Exam Pattern 2020 details from the table given below. The written examination is conducted for all the applicants who had applied for the post of the District Sports Officer, Asst Director / Sub Divisional Agriculture Officer. Here, all the aspirants can get the complete format of the Jharkhand Public Service Commission Examination. This Jharkhand PSC Exam Pattern 2020 includes the name of the exam, number of questions, number of marks, name of the subjects, time duration, and others.

JPSC DSO Exam Pattern 2020

Paper Name of the Subject Type of Examination
I  General Theory & Methods of Sports Training Written Examination
 Sports Physiology
 Sports Psychology
General Science
Current Affairs
II History & Laws of Game
Sports Management
Physical Education

Jharkhand PSC AD/Sub Divisional AO Exam Pattern

Name of the Subject Number of Marks Type of Examination
Geology Paper I 70 Objective Type
Geology Paper II 60
Geology Paper III 70
Total 200

Selection Procedures:

The Selection Procedures will be based on the candidates’ performance in the following rounds. The Jharkhand PSC Examination Selection Process 2020 detailed information is given in this section. Candidates who want to achieve their dream career through the JPSC Examination have to perform well in all of these selection processes mentioned below.

  • Written Examination
  • Interview

[JPSC District Sports Officer Syllabus 2020 PDF]

Download JPSC Syllabus 2020-20 PDF

JPSC Syllabus for General Theory and Methods of Sports Training

  • Sports Performance
  • Training Means and Methods
  • Motor Abilities
  • Periodization
  • Planning and Monitoring of Sports Training
  • Talent Identification and Its Development

Jharkhand PSC Syllabus for Sports Physiology

  • Introduction to Sports Physiology
  • Cardio Vascular System
  • Energy Metabolism
  • Nutrition and Physical Performance
  • Sports Anthropometry

JPSC Syllabus 2020 – Sports Psychology

  • Introduction to Sports Psychology
  • Emotional Processes and Sports Performance
  • Motivation of Sports
  • Psychological preparation in Sports
  • Psychological issues for Optimizing Behavior and Performance

JPSC Syllabus for General Knowledge

  • Olympics, Common Health, and Asian Games
  • Sports Association, Schemes, Institutes and Awards in India
  • Media and Sports
  • Geography
  • Economy
  • History
  • Importance

Jharkhand PSC Syllabus for General Science

  • General Apparition
  • Understanding of Science

JPSC Current Affairs Syllabus 2020

  • Issues Regarding Jharkhand

JPSC Syllabus for History and Laws of Game

  • History Development Organization and Management of Games
  • Organization and Management of Sports
  • Laws of Game
  • Requirements of a Player for high Performance
  • Selection of Players
  • Qualities of a Coach
  • Talent Identification and Development of Tallent
  • Technique/ Skill

Jharkhand PSC Syllabus for Sports Management

  • Concept of Crises Management
  • Quality Management
  • Management of Sports in Events
  • Budget
  • Maintainance and Security
  • Function of Sports
  • Nature and Significance

JPSC District Sports Officer Syllabus for Physical Education

  • Media and Sports
  • Women and Sports
  • Development of Physical Education
  • Sports Association, Schemes
  • Relationship
  • Aim

[JPSC Asst Director / Sub Divisional AO Syllabus 2020 PDF]

 Important Links Related To Jharkhand Public Service Commission

JPSC Civil Services Prelims & Mains Exam Syllabus || Also Check JPSC Exam Pattern Here

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 03:03 AM PST

JPSC Combined Civil Services Syllabus 2020

JPSC Civil Services Syllabus Pdf 2020 here. Jharkhand Public Service Commission has announced the Combined Civil Services Examination Date i.e 23rd February 2020. Candidates who have applied for the Jharkhand PSC Combined Civil Services Exam and looking for the JPSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern. Download JPSC CCS Prelims and Mains Syllabus along with the Exam Pattern. Here we have given the JPSC CCS Syllabus, Scheme of the Examination, Exam dates, Timings.

Are you searching for the JPSC Civil Services Syllabus? then you are in the place where you can get the complete details. Candidates who have applied for the Jharkhand Public Service Commission CCS Exam start preparation as soon as possible. Aspirants can download the JPSC Combined Civil Services Syllabus Pdf and Exam Pattern through the direct link attached below.

JPSC Civil Services Prelims & Mains Exam Syllabus || Also Check JPSC Exam Pattern Here

JPSC Combined Civil Service Exam 2020 Syllabus 

Organization Name Jharkhand Public Service Commission (JPSC)
Name of the Examination Combined Civil Service (CCS)
No.of. Vacancies Various
Examination Date 23rd February 2020
 Category  Syllabus
Job Location Jharkhand
Official Website jpsc.gov.in

JPSC CCS Exam Pattern 2020

JPSC Exam Pattern –  Combined Civil Services Prelims

Subject Name Total Mark Duration of Examination
General Studies
(Paper-I)
200 02 Hours
General Aptitude
(Paper-II)
200 02 Hours
Total 400

JPSC Exam Pattern – Mains

Subject Name Total Mark Duration of Examination
General Hindi & English 100 03 Hours
Language & Literature 150 03 Hours
Social Sciences 200 03 Hours
Indian Polity & Governance 200 03 Hours
Indian Economy 200 03 Hours
General Science 200 03 Hours
Total Marks 1050

Selection Procedure:

Applicants will be selected for Civil Services based on the following test conducted by the JPSC.

  • Prelims Examination.
  • Mains Examination.
  • Interview.

JPSC CCS Syllabus 2020 

JPSC Civil Services Prelims Syllabus

General Studies JPSC Syllabus

  • History of India.
  • Geography of India.
  • Indian Polity and Governance.
  • Economic and Sustainable Development.
  • Science & Technology.
  • Culture & Heritage.
  • National & International Current Events.
  • Human Rights.
  • Environmental Protection.
  • Biodiversity & Climate Change.
  • Urbanization.
  • Sports.
  • Disaster Management.
  • Poverty and Unemployment.
  • Awards.
  • International Agencies etc.

General Aptitude Syllabus

  • Hindi and English Comprehension Skill.
  • Knowledge of Hindi and English Grammar.
  • Basic Numeracy.
  • General Mental Ability.
  • Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability.
  • Interpersonal Skill.
  • Decision Making.
  •  Problem Solving etc.

JPSC Syllabus – Civil Services Mains

Paper I Syllabus

General Hindi 

  • Vocabulary.
  • Comprehension.
  • Grammar.
  • Letter Writing.
  • Essay Writing.
  • Usage of words.
  • Translation of passages etc.

General English

  • Vocabulary.
  • Grammar.
  • Letter Writing.
  • Essay Writing.
  • Comprehension.
  • Usage of words.
  • Translation of passages etc.

Paper II Syllabus

  • Language and Literature.

Paper III Syllabus

  • Social Sciences.
  • History.
  • Geography.

Paper IV Syllabus

  • Indian Constitution & Polity.
  • Public Administration.
  • Good Governance.

Paper V Syllabus

  • Indian Economy.
  • Globalization.
  • Sustainable Development.

Paper VI Syllabus

  • General Sciences.
  • Environment.
  • Technology Development.

[JPSC Civil Services Syllabus 2020 PDF]

Important Links related to JPSC Civil Services Syllabus 2020

JPSC Civil Services Previous Papers

 

JKPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF – Download JKPSC Civil Judge & Asst Engineer Exam Pattern @ jkpsc.nic.in

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 02:57 AM PST

JKPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF

Name of the Post Syllabus Links
Civil Judge (Junior Division)  Click Here
Assistant Engineer (Electrical) Click Here

JKPSC Civil Judge Syllabus 2020 PDF

As per the recent update, Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission want to hire various candidates for the posts of Civil Judge/Munsiffs. Aspirants who have applied for the JKPSC Recruitment 2020 can appear for the Written Examination which is going to conducted on 17th February 2020. So, candidates are requested to read the detailed JKPSC Civil Judge Syllabus 2020 provided on this page. It is very useful to the aspirants and makes them good enough to take the Examination.

Now, candidates who had applied for Civil Judge Post standing in the right place scroll down to read the detailed information about the JKPSC Civil Judge Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2020. Check out the JKPSC Civil Judge Exam Pattern 2020 provided on this page before going to start the exam preparation. For the sake of candidates, we have prescribed the Jammu and Kashmir PSC Civil Judge Syllabus 2020Exam Pattern, and also the JKPSC Civil Judge Previous Year Papers on this page.

JKPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF   Download JKPSC Civil Judge & Asst Engineer Exam Pattern @ jkpsc.nic.in

JKPSC Civil Judge Exam Syllabus 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Organization Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission
No of Vacancies Various
Name of the Post Civil Judge (Junior Division)/Munsiffs
Category Syllabus
Munsiffs Mains Examination Date 17th February 2020
Job Location Jammu and Kashmir
Official Website jkpsc.nic.in

Jammu & Kashmir PSC Civil Judge Exam Pattern 2020 

JKPSC Civil Judge Prelims Exam Pattern 2020

Type of Exam Paper Name of the Subject Maximum Marks Time Duration
Multiple Choice Questions Paper-I Limitation Act 225 120 minutes
Evidence Act
Ranbir Panel Code
Indian Constitution Law and Constitution of Jammu&Kashmir
Criminal Procedure Code
General Knowledge
Paper-II Registration Act 225 120 minutes
Transfer of Property Act
Rules & orders for the guidance of Subordinate Courts (Civil&Criminal) & Circular orders issued by High Court
Right of Prior Purchase Act
Financial Code Volume I & II
Kashmir Service Regulation Chapters III to XIII and XXII and XXIII
Civil Procedure Code

JKPSC Civil Judge Mains Exam Pattern 2020

Type of Exam Paper Name of the Subject Maximum Marks Time Duration
Objective type
(Multiple Choice Question)
Paper-I Compulsory Subject Papers For each paper
100 marks will be allotted
Exam Duration
for each paper is
120 minutes
Paper-II
Paper-III
Paper-IV
Paper-V
Paper-VI
Paper-I Optional Subject
Papers
Paper-II
Paper-III
Paper-IV
Paper-V
Paper-VI

JKPSC Civil Judge Selection Procedures:

Aspirants after applying for the Examination, must and should have a clear idea regarding the JKPSC Civil Judge Selection Process 2020. All the aspirants must prepare well in the following selection rounds to recruit as a Civil Judge/Munsiffs in the Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission.

  • Preliminary Examination
  • Mains Examination
  • Viva Voice
  • Document Verification

Download JKPSC Civil Judge Syllabus 2020 PDF

 JKPSC Civil Judge Prelims Syllabus 2020

Part-I

  • Limitation Act
  • Evidence Act
  • Indian Constitution Law and Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir State
  • Criminal Procedure Code
  • Ranbir Panel Code
  • General Knowledge

Part-II

  • Kashmir Service Regulation Chapters III to XIII and XXII and XXIII
  • Registration Act
  • Right of Prior Purchase Act
  • Houses and Shops Rent Control Act
  • Rules & orders for the guidance of Subordinate Courts (Civil&Criminal)
  • Circular orders issued by the High Court
  • Financial Code Volume I & II
  • Transfer of Property Act
  • Civil Procedure Code

Also, check JKPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF   Download JKPSC Civil Judge & Asst Engineer Exam Pattern @ jkpsc.nic.in CSIR UGC NET Syllabus 2020

General Knowledge

  • General Science
  • Countries and Capitals
  • Indian History
  • Geography
  • Indian Economy
  • Artists
  • Rivers, Lakes and, Seas
  • Sports
  • Current Affairs
  • Famous Days & Dates
  • Literature
  • Environmental Issues
  • Heritage
  • Famous Books & Authors
  • Indian Politics
  • Inventions and Discoveries
  • Civics
  • Famous Places in India
  • Tourism
  • Indian Parliament

JKPSC Civil Judge Mains Syllabus 2020

 Compulsory Papers

Paper-I

  • English Essay
  • Translation from English into Urdu or Hindi and vice versa
  • Precis

Paper-II

  •  General Knowledge
  • Indian Constitution Law and Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir State

Paper-III

  • Evidence Act
  • Ranbir Panel Code
  • Criminal Procedure Code

Paper-IV

  • Kashmir Service Regulation Chapters III to XIII and XXII and XXIII
  • Circular orders issued by the High Court
  • Financial Code Volume I & II
  • Rules and orders for the guidance of Subordinate Courts (Civil & Criminal)
  • Circular orders issued by the High Court

Paper-V

  • Jammu and Kashmir Registration Act
  • Civil Procedure Code
  • Limitation Act

Paper-VI

  • Right of Prior Purchase Act
  • Houses and Shops Rent Control Act
  • Transfer of Property Act

Also, check JKPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF   Download JKPSC Civil Judge & Asst Engineer Exam Pattern @ jkpsc.nic.in IOCL Trade Apprentice Syllabus 2020

Optional Papers

Paper-I

  • Customary Law of the State
  • Mohammedan Law
  • Hindu Law

Paper-II

  • Law of Companies
  • Insurance Law

Paper-III

  • Principles of Equity including the Law of Trusts and Specific Relief

Paper-IV

  • Law of Torts
  • Jammu and Kashmir Contract Act

Paper-V

  • Court Fee Act
  • Suits Valuation Act
  • Excise Act and Rules
  • Stamp Act
  • Agriculture Relief Act

Paper-VI

  • Land Revenue Act
  • Land Acquisition Act
  • Tenancy Act
  • Land Alienation Act

[JKPSC Civil Judge Syllabus 2020 PDF]

 Important Links Related To Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission


JKPSC AE Syllabus 2020 PDF

JKPSC Syllabus 2020: Dear Candidates !! Are you searching for the JKPSC Assistant Engineer Syllabus 2020? If yes then it is the right destination. Here, we had provided the details of JKPSC Assistant Engineer Syllabus 2020 according to subject wise for the Examination. The Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission Official are going to conducting the Written Examination for recruiting Assistant Engineer. Go through this entire page to know the detailed information on Jammu and Kashmir PSC Assistant Engineer Syllabus and the Exam Pattern 2020.

All the aspirants who have applied for the JKPSC Recruitment 2020 can download JKPSC Assistant Engineer Syllabus 2020 along with Exam Pattern from this page. All the applied candidates can use this golden chance to prepare well for the Jammu and Kashmir PSC Assistant Engineer Examination. Also, we have furnished the direct link to download the JKPSC Assistant Engineer Syllabus 2020 in PDF for free of cost according to subject wise. Refer JKPSC Assistant Engineer Exam Pattern along with the JKPSC Assistant Engineer Previous Papers with Solution to score qualifying marks in the examination.

JKPSC Assistant Engineer Exam 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Organization Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission
Name of the Post Assistant Engineer (Electrical)
Category Syllabus
Job Location Jammu & Kashmir
Official Website jkpsc.nic.in

Aspirants can gather the JKPSC Assistant Engineer Exam Pattern 2020 details from the table given below. Here, all the aspirants can get the complete format of the Jammu & Kashmir PSC Examination. The Jammu and Kashmir PSC Exam Pattern 2020 includes the type of exam, number of questions, number of marks, name of the subject, time duration, and also others.

JKPSC Assistant Engineer Exam Pattern 2020 

S.No Type of Examination Name of the Subject
1 Objective Type Concerned Subjects (Electrical)

JKPSC AE Selection Procedures 2020:

The contenders will be selected on the basis of their performance in the following selection rounds. The JKPSC Assistant Engineer Selection Procedures 2020 detailed information is given in this section. Candidates who want to achieve their dream career through the Jammu and Kashmir PSC Examination have to perform well in all of these selection rounds given below.

  • Written Examination
  • Interview

Download JKPSC AE Syllabus 2020 PDF

Jammu and Kashmir PSC AE (Electrical) Syllabus 2020

  • Primary and secondary cells
  • Dry accumulators
  • Solar Cells
  • A steady-state analysis of d.c. and a.c.
  • Network, network theorems
  • Network functions
  • Laplace techniques
  • Transient response
  • Frequency response
  • Three-phase networks
  • Inductively coupled circuits
  • Mathematical modeling of dynamic linear systems
  • Transfer functions
  • Block diagrams
  • Stability of control systems
  • Electrostatic and magnetostatic field analysis
  • Maxwell's equations
  • Wave equations and electromagnetic waves
  • Basic methods of measurements
  • Standards
  • Error analysis
  • Indicating instruments
  • Cathode-ray oscilloscope
  • Measurement of voltage
  • Current
  • Power resistance
  • Inductance
  • Capacitance
  • Frequency
  • Time and flux
  • Electronic meters
  • Vacuum based and Semiconductor devices and analysis of electronic Circuits
  • Single and multistage audio, and radio
  • Small signal and large signal amplifiers: oscillators and feedback amplifiers
  • Waveshaping circuits and time base generators: multi-vibrators and digital circuits
  • Modulation and demodulation circuits
  • Transmission line at audio
  • Radio and U.H. Frequencies
  • Wire and Radio communication
  • Generation of e.m.f. and torque in the rotation machine
  • Motor and generator characteristics of d.c. synchronous and induction machines
  • Equivalent circuits
  • Commutation starters
  • Phase diagram
  • Losses, regulation
  • Power transformers
  • Modeling of transmission lines, steady
  • State and transient stability
  • Surge phenomena and insulation coordination
  • Protective devices and schemes for power system equipment
  • Conversion of a.c. to d.c. and d.c. to a.c. controlled and uncontrolled power
  • Speed control techniques for drives

[JKPSC AE Syllabus 2020 PDF]

 Important Links Related To Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission

APPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF – APPSC Group I, Degree Lecturer & Others Exam Pattern @ psc.ap.gov.in

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 02:48 AM PST

APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 for Degree Lecturer, Group II (Executive & Non-Executive), Asst Social Welfare Officer, Asst Tribal Welfare Officer, Deputy Surveyors, Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector & other posts download links are provided here. Interested candidates who would like to crack the Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission Examination, can check the Syllabus and Exam Pattern here. This will help you to start your exam preparation. Moreover, you can also get details of APPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF, Exam Pattern, Exam Dates, APPSC Previous Papers and also other details here.

APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 PDF

 Post Name Syllabus Link
APPSC Group 1 Exam Click Here
Junior Lecturer Click Here
  Polytechnic Lecturer Click Here
Degree College Lecturer Click Here
Group II Services (Executive & Non-Executive) Click Here
Assist B.C Welfare Officer, Asst Social Welfare Officer, Asst Tribal Welfare Officer, Click Here
Asst Statistical Officer Click Here
Deputy Surveyor Click Here
 Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector  Click Here
 Forest Range Officer  Click Here
 Assistant Professor  Click Here
 Junior Assistant or Computer Assistant Posts  Click He

APPSC Group 1 Syllabus 2020

APPSC Syllabus for Group 1 Exam. Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission Syllabus & Exam Pattern for Group 1 Exam is furnished here. Candidates can check the APPSC Syllabus & APPSC Group 1 Previous Year Question Paper given here and start the preparation. With the help of the Syllabus & Exam Pattern, you will get to know the idea about the APPSC Group I Examination

APPSC Syllabus 2020 PDF   APPSC Group I, Degree Lecturer & Others Exam Pattern @ psc.ap.gov.in

Andhra Pradesh PSC Syllabus 2020 – Group 1 Exam

Organization Name Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Name of the Examination Group 1
Mains Examination Date  02nd to 16th February 2020 
 Category  Syllabus
Job Location Andhra Pradesh
Official Website  psc.ap.gov.in

APPSC Exam Pattern 2020 

Paper Subject Name No. of. Marks Duration of Examination
Prelims (Objective) General Studies 120 2 Hours (120 minutes)
General Aptitude 120 2 Hours (120 minutes)
Mains (Descriptive) Telugu 150 3 Hours (180 minutes)
English 150
Paper I 150
Paper-II 150
Paper-III 150
Paper-IV 150
Paper-V 150

Selection Process:

Candidates will be selected based on the performance in the following procedures-

  • Written Examination (Prelims & Mains).
  • Interview.

AP Public Service Commission Syllabus 2020 – Group 1 Exam

APPSC Group 1 Prelims Exam:

Paper 1 – General Studies (Degree Standard):

  • History and Culture
  • Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations
  • Indian and Andhra Pradesh Economy and Planning
  • Geography

Paper 2 – General Aptitude (Degree Standard):

  • General Mental and Psychological Abilities
  • Science and Technology
  • Current Events of Regional, National and International importance

APPSC Group 1 Mains Exam:

  • General Essay
  • History and Culture of India
  • History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh
  • Geography: India
  • Geography: Andhra Pradesh
  • Indian Polity and Constitution
  • Public Administration and Governance
  • Ethics in Public Service and Knowledge of Law (Civil, Criminal, Labour, Cyber, Tax Laws)
  • Major Challenges of Indian Economy
  • Resource Mobilization in Indian Economy
  • Resource Mobilization in Andhra Pradesh
  • Government Budgeting
  • Government Budgeting in Andhra Pradesh
  • Inclusive Growth
  • Agricultural Development
  • Agriculture Development in Andhra Pradesh
  • Industrial Development and Policy
  • Industrial Policy of the AP Government
  • Infrastructure in India
  • Infrastructure Development in Andhra Pradesh
  • ICT
  • Current Affairs
  • Environment
  • Development v/s Nature
  • Space, energy etc.

[APPSC Group 1 Mains Syllabus PDF]

[APPSC Group 1 Prelims Syllabus PDF]

[APPSC Group 1 Previous Papers]


APPSC Polytechnic Lecturer Syllabus 2020 

APPSC Syllabus – Aspirants who have applied for AP Government Polytechnic Lecturer Job check the Exam Pattern & Syllabus Details to get qualify in the written examination. The Exam Date for the AP Polytechnic Lecturer Exam has scheduled for 17th to 20th February 2020 12th to 15th March 2020. Check the subject wise topic details and prepare well for the Jharkhand Home Guard Examination 2020. Get Andhra Pradesh PSC Polytechnic Lecturer Syllabus Pdf Download @psc.ap.gov.in. Note down the topics we have stated below and prepare according to grab your desired job.

Andhra Pradesh Polytechnic Lecturer Syllabus Syllabus 2020

Organization Name Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Name of the Post   Polytechnic Lecturer
  Exam Date  12th to 15th March 2020
 Category  Syllabus
Job Location Andhra Pradesh
Official Website  psc.ap.gov.in

APPSC Exam Pattern 2020 – Polytechnic Lecturer Test Pattern

Category Subject No.of. Questions No.of. Marks Duration
 Part-A  Paper – 1
General Studies
150 150 150 Minutes
Paper – 2
Concerned Subject
150 300 150 Minutes
Part-B Oral Test (Interview) 50

{Download: APPSC Polytechnic Lecturer Syllabus Pdf}


APPSC Degree Lecturer Syllabus 2020 PDF

Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission Board Authority is going to conduct the written examination for the  Degree College Lecturer Posts. Applicants who have filled the online application forms can begin their preparation by knowing the APPSC Degree College Lecturer Syllabus 2020 and the Exam Pattern. Applicants can get APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 and the Exam Pattern 2020 from the below sections. It is the right destination for the candidates who are searching for APPSC Degree College Lecturer Syllabus 2020.

Job seekers who are going to take part in the Andhra Pradesh Degree College Lecturer Examination need to concentrate more on their preparation. Andhra Pradesh PSC Exam Syllabus and the Exam Pattern provides information about the APPSC Examination. Knowing APPSC Degree College Lecturer Exam Pattern 2020 will help the applicants to stay ahead from competitors. Download APPSC Exam Syllabus, Exam Pattern and also the APPSC Degree College Lecturer Previous Papers to prepare well for the exam. Scroll down to know more information about the APPSC Degree College Lecturer Syllabus 2020.

APPSC Degree Lecturer Exam Syllabus 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Organization Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
No of Vacancies 308
Name of the Post  Degree College Lecturer
Category Syllabus
Job Location Andhra Pradesh
Official Website psc.ap.gov.in

APPSC Degree College Lecturer Exam Pattern 2020 

Paper Name of the Subject Number of Questions Number of Marks Time Duration
Paper-I General Studies & Mental Ability 150 150 150
Paper-II  Concerned Subjects
(PG Standard)
150 300 150
Interview 50
Total 300 500 300 minutes

Selection Procedures:

The Selection Process to hire the Degree College Lecturers, officials are going to conduct two stages of selection. First, the candidates need to qualify in the Written Examination. The candidates who want to gain good marks in the written exam, those candidates must download the APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 PDF. Further candidates move to the final stage that is Interview.

  • Written Examination
  • Interview

Download APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 PDF

 APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 – General Studies & Mental Ability

  • General Science and its applications to the day to day life Contemporary developments in Science & Technology
  • and Information Technology
  • The social-economic and political history of modern India with emphases on Indian national movement
  • Indian polity and governance: constitutional issues, public policy, reforms and e-governance initiatives
  • Economic development in India since independence
  • Events of national and international importance
  • Current affairs- international, national and regional
  • Physical geography of India sub-continent
  • Disaster management: vulnerability profile, prevention, and mitigation strategies, Application of Remote
  • Sensing and GIS in the assessment of Disaster
  • Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection
  • Logical reasoning, analytical ability, and data interpretation
  • Data Analysis: Tabulation of Visual data representation of data Basic data analysis and Interpretation
  • Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and it's Administrative, Economic, Social, Cultural, Political
  • Loss of capital city challenges in building the new capital, and it's financial implications.
  • Division and rebuilding of common Institutions
  • AP REORGANISATION ACT, 2014 on AP and the arbitrariness of certain provisions
  • Division of employees, their relocation and nativity issues
  • Effect of bifurcation on commerce and entrepreneurs
  • Implications for financial resources of state government
  • The task of post-bifurcation infrastructure development and opportunities for investments
  • The socioeconomic, cultural and demographic impact of bifurcation
  • Impact of bifurcation on river water sharing and consequential issues

 Concerned Subjects For APPSC College Lecturer Exam

  • Urdu
  • Oriya
  • Commerce
  • Economics
  • Hindi
  • Computer Science
  • History
  • Political Science
  • Mathematics
  • English
  • Telugu
  • Geology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Botany
  • Zoology
  • Statistics
  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology
  • Computer Applications

[APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 PDF]

 Important Links Related To Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission


APPSC Group II Syllabus 2020

Applicants who have registered for the APPSC Group II Exams can check out the below section to know the Exam Syllabus and Group II Exam Pattern details. With the help of the Syllabus & Exam Pattern, you will get to know the idea about the APPSC Group II Examination. The below section is the list out of APPSC Group II Exam Syllabus and Pattern 2020.

AP PSC Group II Exam 2020 – Highlights

 Description Details
Organization Name Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Post Name Group II Services (Executive & Non-Executive)
Category Name Syllabus
Official website psc.ap.gov.in

Selection Process:

  • Prelims Examination
  • Mains Examination
  • Interview

APPSC Group II Exam Syllabus Pattern 2020

AP PSC Asst Statistical Officer Syllabus 2020

Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC) released recruitment notification for 78 ASO (Assistant Statistical Officer) posts. It’s very important to know the syllabus & exam pattern to understand the structure of the exam. Thus, here we have given Andhra Pradesh PSC Asst Statistical Officer (ASO) Exam Pattern & syllabus in the below sections.

Andhra Pradesh PSC ASO Exam 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Board Name Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Post Name Assistant Statistical Officer (ASO)
Vacancies 78
Category Syllabus
official Website www.psc.ap.gov.in

Selection Process:

  • Screening Test
  • Mains Exam

APPSC ASO Screening Test Pattern 2020

Subjects No of Questions Duration Max Marks
General Studies, Mental Ability & Subject 150 150 Minutes 150

APPSC Andhra Pradesh Asst Statistical Officer (ASO) Mains Exam Pattern 2020

Paper Subjects No of Questions Max Marks
Paper 1 General Studies & Mental ability 150 150
Paper 2 Concerned Subject 150 150
Total 300
  • The exam will be of objective type questions.
  • The question paper standard will be of Degree standard.
  • There will be a deduction of 1/3rd marks for every wrong answer.

Andhra Pradesh PSC Assistant Stats Officer Syllabus Details

AP Asst SO Screening Test Syllabus

  • General Studies and Mental Ability
  • Measures of Central Tendency
  • Measures of Dispersion and Skewness
  • Measure of Relation
  • Analysis of time series and index numbers
  • Introduction to Statistics

Andhra Pradesh PSC Mains Syllabus – Assistant Statistical Officer

  • Statistics
    • Statistical Inference
    • Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments
    • Probability
    • Statistical Methods
  • Computer Science
    • Computer Programming
    • Data Structures
    • Databases
    • Operation System
    • Introduction to Computers
    • Basic Computer Organization
  • Mathematics
    • Mechanics
    • Elements of Computer Programming
    • Geometry and Vectors
    • Calculus
    • Ordinary Differential Equations
    • Algebra
    • Vector Spaces and Matrices
  • Commerce
    • Business Economics and Financial Services
    • Auditing & Business Laws
    • Business Organization and Management
    • Cost and Management Accounting
    • Financial Accounting

Andhra Pradesh PSC ASO Syllabus Pdf


APPSC Gazetted Syllabus 2020

Applicants who are searching for APPSC Gazetted Syllabus & exam pattern check out this page for all the necessary details. Here you can get complete details of APPSC Assistant B.C. Welfare Officer syllabus 2020 along with exam pattern details. With the help of APPSC Assistant Social welfare Officer Exam Pattern & Syllabus 2020, we can know the weightage of subjects, the structure of the exam, etc. However, for further more details of Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC) Tribal Welfare Officer &other posts exam check the official website.

Andhra Pradesh PSC Gazetted Exam 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Department Name Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Posts Name Gazetted Posts (Asst B.C Welfare Officer, Asst Social Welfare Officer, Asst Tribal Welfare Officer )
Vacancies 31
Category Syllabus
APPSC Official Website www.psc.ap.gov.in

Selection Process:

  • Screening Test
  • Mains Exam
  • Interview

APPSC Assistant B.C Welfare Officer Exam Pattern 2020

Andhra Pradesh PSC Assistant Social Welfare Officer Prelims Exam Pattern2020

Subjects No of Questions Duration Max Marks
General Studies, Mental Ability & Welfare Measures 150 150 150

APPSC Andhra Pradesh Tribal Welfare Officer Mains Exam Pattern 2020

Part A Subjects No of Questions Max Marks
Paper 1 General Studies & Mental ability 150 150
Paper 2 Concerned Subject 1 150 150
Paper 3 Concerned Subject 2 150 150
Part B Interview 50
Total 500
  • The exam will be of objective type questions.
  • The question paper standard will be of Degree standard.
  • There will be a deduction of 1/3rd marks for every wrong answer.

Detailed APPSC Gazetted Syllabus 2020

Andhra Pradesh PSC Asst Welfare Officer Screening Test & Mains Exam Syllabus

  • General Studies & Mental Ability
  • Social & Cultural History of Andhra Pradesh and Welfare Programmes
  • Overview of the Indian Constitution
  • Welfare and Protection Measures for weaker sections.

Download APPSC Assistant Welfare Officer Syllabus Pdf 


APPSC Deputy Surveyor Syllabus 2020

Download Pdf link for Andhra Pradesh PSC Surveyor Recruitment 2020 syllabus pdf is available here. Since the prelims exam is already over and the mains exam is nearing, aspirants may be searching for the updated syllabus details along with exam pattern, exam dates and previous year papers for this exam. Applicants can get all the above details in this article. However, go through further sections to get complete details related to Andhra Pradesh Deputy Surveyor Exam Syllabus 2020.

ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ పబ్లిక్ సర్వీస్ కమిషన్ Surveyor Exam 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Organization Name Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Post Name Deputy Surveyor
Vacancies 29
Category Syllabus
Official Website www.psc.ap.gov.in

Andhra Pradesh PSC Dy Surveyor Mains Exam Date Notification Pdf

AP PSC Surveyor Selection Process

  • Screening Test
  • Mains Exam
  • Document Verification
  • Interview

APPSC Surveyor Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2020 – www.psc.ap.gov.in

Papers Subjects Qns/Marks
Paper – I General Studies and Mental Ability (SSC Standard) 150/150
Paper-II Drawing & Surveying 150/150
  • The exam will be of Objective type questions.
  • There will be negative marking of 0.25 marks for each wrong answer.

APPSC Surveyor Syllabus 2020 for General Knowledge & Mental Ability

  • Current affairs
  • General Science and its applications
  • The social- economic and political history of AP
  • Indian polity and governance
  • Physical geography
  • Disaster management
  • Logical reasoning
  • Data Analysis etc.

Andhra Pradesh Dy Surveyor Syllabus 2020 – Paper-II (Drawing & Surveying)

  • Importance of Lettering and Numbering
  • Construction of Plane Geometric Figures
  • Construction of Ordinary Scale
  • Drawing Plan and Elevation of Points, Lines, Surfaces & Solids.
  • Conventional Signs and Symbols as per IS Code for Engineering Drawings and Buildings Drawings, etc.

Detailed APPSC Dy Surveyor Syllabus & Exam Pattern Pdf 2020 


APPSC Forest Range Officer Syllabus 2018-19

Candidates who are seeking for jobs under the Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission can now apply for the Forest Range Officer Posts. To get into these jobs aspirants need to qualify the prelims as well as the mains examination. And for that candidates need to prepare well for the examination. Here on this page aspirants can get the complete details of the APPSC Syllabus as well as the Exam Pattern 2018-19.

Name of the Organization Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Name of the Posts Forest Range Officer
No of Vacancies 24
Category Syllabus
Official Website psc.ap.gov.in

Andhra Pradesh PSC Forest Range Officer Selection Process

Candidates will be selected based on the performance in the following procedures-

  • Screening Examination
  • Main Examination
  • Physical Examination

APPSC Forest Range Officer Exam Pattern 2020 – Screening Test

 Subject   No. of Q   Marks
 Part – A  General Studies & Mental Ability and Mathematics (SSC Standard)  75  75
 Part – B  General Forestry – I & II  75  75
Total      150
  • The paper will consist of Objective Type Questions.

AP PSC Forest Range Officer Main Examination Exam Pattern 2020

 Subject Marks Questions  Minutes 
 General English (50 marks) &
General Telugu (50 marks)
 100 Marks (Qualifying Test) 100 Questions  100 Minutes
 Paper – 1 General Studies & Mental Ability  150 Marks  150 Questions  150 Minutes
 Paper-2 Mathematics (SSC standard)  150 Marks   150 Questions  150 Minutes
 Paper-3 General Forestry – I  150 Marks   150 Questions  150 Minutes
 Paper – 4 General Forestry – II  150 Marks   150 Questions  150 Minutes
Total Marks  700 

APPSC Exam Syllabus For Forest Range Officer Pdf 2020

General Studies and Mental Ability:

  • General Science
  • Current events of national and international importance.
  • History of India
  • Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection etc.

Mathematics (SSC Standard):

  • Algebra
  • Arithmetic
  • Trigonometry
  • Mensuration
  • Statistics etc.

General Forestry – I:

  • Plant Science
  • Plant Varieties
  • Agriculture
  • Plant Propagation
  • Soil Science
  • Geology etc.

General Forestry – II:

  • Ecosystems & Wildlife
  • Nutrition
  • Forest Protection and Wildlife Biology
  • Economic Zoology
  • Sampling Theory etc.

For the detailed syllabus go through the Syllabus Mentioned Below –

Download APPSC Forest Range Officer Syllabus Pdf 2020


APPSC Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector Syllabus 2020

APPSC has released 23 Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector Syllabus. Candidates who are interested to apply for the posts can go through the APPSC Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector Syllabus that are mentioned below. Candidates need to appear for the Written Examination to get the job. So go through the full notification and prepare well for APPSC 2020.

Name of the Organization Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Name of the Posts Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector
No of Vacancies 23
Category Syllabus
Official Website psc.ap.gov.in

APPSC Asst Motor Vehicle Inspector Selection Process

Candidates will be selected based on the performance in the following procedures-

  • Computer-Based Examination/ Main Examination

APPSC Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector Exam Pattern 2020

 Subject   No. of Questions  Duration (Minutes)  Maximum Marks
 Paper – A  General Studies & Mental Ability (Degree Standard)  150 150  150
 Paper – B Subject: Automobile
Engineering.
(Diploma Standard)
 150 150
Total Marks  300
  • It will be a written examination and the paper will consist of Objective Type Questions.
  • There will be negative marking of 1/3rd of the marks prescribed for the question.

APPSC Exam Syllabus Pdf 2020

Paper – I: General Studies and Mental Ability

  • Current affairs- international, national and regional.
  • Current events of national and international importance.
  • History of India
  • Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection etc.
  • The social- economic and political history of modern India with emphasis on Andhra Pradesh.
  • Logical reasoning, analytical ability, and data interpretation, etc.

Paper-II: Automobile Engineering (Diploma Standard)

  • Basic thermodynamics
  • Friction – inclined plane; screw and nut; screw jock; self-locking.
  • Firing order; piston and piston rings; temperature profile of piston.
  • Balancing of single-cylinder engines.
  • Lubrication and cooling systems in the automobile
  • Maintenance of tires – Traffic Rules etc.

Download APPSC Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector Syllabus Pdf 2018-19


APPSC Syllabus 2020 Pdf

Name of the Organization Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)
Name of the Posts Assistant Professor
No of Vacancies 1110
Category Syllabus
Application Mode Online
Job Location Andhra Pradesh
Official Website psc.ap.gov.in

AP PSC Syllabus  – APPSC Assistant Professor Exam Pattern 2020

Paper Name of the Subjects Marks  Questions Duration
I Teaching and Research Aptitude 120 120 2 Hours
II Arts, Humanities, Commerce, Law, Social Sciences, and others 180 180 3 Hours
Sciences
Engineering, Pharmacy, and Architecture
  • It will consist of Objective Type Questions

Download AP PSC Syllabus 2020 Pdf

Here is the detailed APPSC Syllabus 2020 Pdf for all subjects. Check the Andhra Pradesh PSC Syllabus 2020 Pdf and Exam Pattern to get an idea of preparing an exam.

APPSC Syllabus for Teaching and Research Aptitude

General Ability

  • Differential Geometry.
  • Differential Equations.
  • Dynamics.
  • Number Systems
  • Fractions
  • The relationship between Numbers
  • Fundamental arithmetical operations
  • Number Systems
  • Computation of Whole Numbers
  • Statistics
  • Primary Mathematics
  • Analytical Geometry
  • Calculus
  • Statics
  • Real Analysis
  • Numbers
  • Fundamental arithmetical operations
  • Operations Research & Linear Programming
  • Algebra

General Knowledge

  • History of India
  • Geography of India
  • Political Science
  • About India and it's neighboring countries
  • National and international current affairs
  • Countries and Capitals
  • Economic issues in India
  • National News (current)
  • International issues
  • Scientific observations
  • Indian Culture
  • New inventions

English

  • Antonyms
  • Synonyms/ Homonyms
  • Spot the error
  • Sentence structure
  • Spellings
  • Detecting Mis-spelt words
  • One word substitutions
  • Verbal Comprehension passage etc
  • Verbs
  • Shuffling of sentence parts
  • Idioms and phrases
  • Shuffling of Sentences in a passage
  • Improvement
  • passage
  • Adjectives

General Intelligence

  • Number Series
  • Letter and Symbol Series
  • Verbal Classification
  • Statement and Assumption
  • The Course of Action
  • Statement and Conclusion
  • Theme Detection
  • Cause and Effect
  • Statement and Argument
  • Logical Deduction
  • Essential Part
  • Analogies
  • Artificial Language
  • Matching Definitions
  • Making Judgments
  • Verbal Reasoning
  • Logical Problems
  • Logical Games
  • Analyzing Arguments

APPSC Assistant Professor Syllabus 2020 Pdf for Paper – II

  • Adult Education
  • Anthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Commerce
  • Economics/Applied Economics/Econometrics
  • Education
  • English
  • Hindi
  • History
  • International and Area Studies
  • Kannada
  • Labor Welfare & Human Resource Management
  • Law
  • Library & Information Science
  • Linguistics
  • Management
  • Mass Communication and Journalism
  • Music
  • Performing Arts – Dance & Drama Theatre
  • Philosophy
  • Physical Education
  • Political Science
  • Population Studies
  • Psychology
  • Public Administration
  • Rural Development
  • Sanskrit
  • Social Work
  • Sociology
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Tourism
  • Yoga

AP PSC Asst Professor Syllabus for Sciences

  • Chemical Sciences
  • Computer Science and Applications
  • Electronics and Instrumentation
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Food Technology
  • Geography
  • Geology
  • Geophysics
  • Home Science
  • Life Sciences
  • Material Science & Nanotechnology
  • Mathematics
  • Meteorology
  • Ocean Sciences
  • Physical Sciences
  • Polymer Science & Technology
  • Sericulture
  • Statistics

APPSC Syllabus for Engineering, Pharmacy & Architecture

  • Architecture and Planning
  • Civil Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Computer Science and Information Technology Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electronics and Communication Engineering
  • Food Technology
  • Geo-Engineering
  • Instrumentation Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Metallurgical Engineering
  • Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Pharmacy

APPSC Syllabus 2018 Pdf – Download Here

APPSC Previous Papers


Download Pdf available for APPSC Junior Assistant Syllabus 2020 Pdf. Participants of Andhra Pradesh PSC Recruitment 2020 of Jr Assistant written exam can get the exam syllabus and Test Pattern. Therefore, Download the APPSC Syllabus for Junior Assistant Exam 2018 from this article. – APPSC official website: www.psc.ap.gov.in.

APPSC Exam Syllabus 2020 Pdf

The Eligible applicants of Andhra Pradesh PSC Jobs of Junior Assistant vacancies can be selected through the written examination. In this article, we have provided the Computer Operator Syllabus for the guidance of exam participants. Individuals those looking for the right place to get the APPSC Junior Assistant Exam Syllabus 2020 & Exam Pattern can get their required information on our website. You may also visit the Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission official website www.psc.ap.gov.in for detailed Jr Assistant exam details. Practice the provided APPSC Previous papers of the Junior Assistant exam. By practicing, individuals can gain Subject knowledge along with the difficulty level of the examination. So, Refer and Download the APPSC syllabus pdf and junior assistant question papers given in the below sections.

APPSC Junior Assistant Previous Question Papers Pdf

Andhra Pradesh PSC Junior Assistant Exam 2020 – www.psc.ap.gov.in Details

Description Details
Organization Name  Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission
Total Vacancies  670 Posts
Name of the Posts  Junior Assistant or Computer Assistant Posts
Selection Process  Screening Test, Computer Based Examination (CBT)
Category  Syllabus
Official Website  www.psc.ap.gov.in

Download APPSC Junior Assistant Syllabus Pdf 2020

The Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission circulated an Employment News for recruitment Junior Assistant cum Typist vacancies. Individuals who applied can be selected through the screening test and CBT Exam. Hence, we have provided the APPSC Screening test syllabus for the Junior Assistant exam. Candidates can also get the free download pdf of APPSC Computer Operator Syllabus 2018 if available on the official website www.psc.ap.gov.in. So, before beginning the exam preparation refer or download the provided syllabi pdf. Other details like Govt Jobs in AP Andhra Pradesh Revenue Mandal Office APPSC Notification, vacancy updates on Junior assistant jobs in MRO office, Junior assistant exam dates can be given in the below notification link.

APPSC Recruitment 2018 Junior Assistant Notification

APPSC Junior Assistant Exam Pattern 2018

S.No Subjects
1. General Studies
2. Mental Ability
3. Logical Reasoning
4. Comprehension
5. Numerical & Arithmetical Abilities
6. Proficiency in Office Automation with the usage of Computers and Associated Software
7. Computer Literacy

[Andhra Pradesh State Government Vacancy information given in Free Job Alerts ]

Andhra Pradesh PSC Junior Assistant Exam Syllabus 2018

The presented the AP PSC Exam pattern of Junior Assistant exam helps to know the structure of the Screening Test. The Questions might be asked from the above subject topics. So, note down the subject topics and its sub-topics of Jr Assistant APPSC new syllabus 2018 in Telugu from this article.

APPSC new syllabus 2018: General Studies

  • History, Economics, Civics, and Geography.
  • Physical Science.
  • Natural Science.
  • Current Affairs, Current Events of National & International Importance.
  • Reasoning and Analytical Ability.
  • Basic things about Disaster management (CBSE- VIII & IX Standard).
  • Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and its Administrative.
  • Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection.
  • Economic, Social, Cultural, Political, and legal implications/problems.

[Practice GK Quiz and Get General Knowledge Questions & Answer by GK Questions ]

APPSC Computer Assistant syllabus 2020: Logical Reasoning

  • Clocks & Calendars.
  • Number Series.
  • Verbal and Figure Classification.
  • Analogy.
  • Blood Relations.
  • Non-Verbal Series.
  • Embedded Figures.
  • Directions.
  • Arithmetical Number Series.
  • Alphabet Series.
  • Arithmetical Reasoning
  • Arrangements.
  • Decision Making.
  • Cubes and Dice.
  • Number Ranking.
  • Mirror Images.
  • Coding-Decoding etc.

APPSC Syllabus in Telugu: Numerical & Arithmetical Abilities

  • Average.
  • Number Systems.
  • Discount.
  • Simplification.
  • Mensuration.
  • Decimals.
  • Time & Distance.
  • Fractions.
  • Tables & Graphs etc. of the 10th Level.
  • L.C.M & H.C.F.
  • Time & Work.
  • Ratio and Proportion.
  • Simple & Compound Interest.
  • Percentage.
  • Profit & Loss.

Comprehension

  • Descriptive Passage.
  • Logical Passage.
  • Narrative Passage.

Proficiency in Office Automation with the usage of Computers and Associated Software

  • Example: Typing a letter/passage/paragraph ( about 100-150 words ) in MS-Word 15.
  • Preparation of a Table/Graph in MS-Excel.
  • Preparation of PowerPoint Presentations/Slides (Two) on MS-PowerPoint.
  • Creation and manipulation of databases.
  • Displaying the content of E-mail (Inbox).

APPSC Syllabus Pdf 2018: Computer Literacy

  • Computer Applications and Basics of DOS, WINDOWS, UNIX, DB Management, DTP.
  • Concepts of E-Governance including E-Mail, E-Commerce, the Internet, Computer Viruses.
  • M.S-Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Etc.).
Direct Download Link for APPSC Junior Assistant Syllabus 2018 Pdf

From the provided APPSC syllabus 2020 for Junior Assistant cum Typist/ Computer Assistant exam candidates can begin their preparation. We may not guarantee the same related topic questions will come across the CBT Exam. So, use this Andhra Pradesh PSC Junior assistant exam syllabus 2020 as a referral. Check the MRO Office official website or AP PSC website www.psc.ap.gov.in for further information on the APPSC 2020 syllabus of the Computer Assistant Screening test. Below given link is the direct link to download the AP PSC Syllabus for Junior Assistant exam.

APPSC Junior Assistant Exam Syllabus 2020 Pdf

Detailed HSSC Haryana Police SI/Constable Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2020 Pdf

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 02:43 AM PST

Detailed HSSC Haryana Police SI/Constable Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2020 Pdf

Searching for Haryana Police Syllabus 2020 pdf? Then you are in the right place for your search. Here we have given detailed Haryana Police Constable Syllabus along with exam pattern that can be used by the candidates to score good marks in the exam. We have also given a direct link to download syllabus pdf for reference. For further details read the below sections of the article and start preparing for the exam.

Haryana Police Syllabus 2020

Haryana Staff Selection Commission (HSSC) various Police vacancies are out now. Applicants who are applying for the Haryana Police exam 2020 and are searching for the exam syllabus. For those aspirants, we are providing Police Constable & Sub Inspector exam pattern and syllabus to help applicants in getting an idea about the structure of the exam. The last date to apply for the exam is on 28th June 2020, So job seekers who have not yet applied apply as soon as possible.

Haryana Police Recruitment 2020 notification was released to fill up to 6400 male & female candidates for Police Constable and Sub Inspector posts. Since it’s a great opportunity for candidates who have done graduation in any stream. There will be many people applying for the exam and competition will be very high. Thus, here we have given detailed Subject Wise Haryana HSSC Police SI Syllabus 2020 & Exam Pattern for helping aspirants in preparation of the exam.

Haryana Police Constable/ SI notification 2020 – Details

Description Details
Organization Name Haryana Staff Selection Commission (HSSC)
Name of the Post Police (Constable/SI)
Vacancies Male Constable (5000)
Female Constable (1000)
Sub Inspector Male (400)
Total (6400 Posts)
Category Syllabus
Haryana Police Exam Date 2020  16th February 2020 (Tentatively)
Official Website haryanapoliceonline.gov.in

Haryana Police Constable Selection Procedure:

The Selection process of Haryana Police Vacancy 2020 recruitment is of 4 stages in total. They are:

  • Written Exam
  • Physical Screening Test
  • Physical Measurement Test
  • Document Verification

Haryana Police Constable/SI exam pattern 2020

Exam pattern of HSSC Police Constable

Topics No. Of Questions Marks
General Knowledge 100 80
Reasoning Ability
Numerical Ability
Agriculture
Current Affairs
Animal Husbandry
General Science
  • The exam questions will be of Objective type questions.
  • Each correct answer carries 0.8 marks.
  • The exam paper will be in both English & Hindi.
  • Minimum 10 questions are expected from the Computer Awareness section.

Physical Screening Test (PST) – (Physical Fitness and Endurance Test)

Applicants Test Distance Qualifying Time
Male 2.5 KM 12 Minutes
Female 1.0 KM 6 Minutes
Ex.Service Men 1.0 KM 5 Minutes
  • This Physical screening test will be taken only after qualifying in the written exam.
  • Physical Screening Test is only qualifying in nature.
  • only the aspirants who qualify in all the standards of PST will be allowed to take part in the further selection process.

Physical Measurement Test (PMT)

 Category Height Chest
Male  170 CM (General category) 83  to 87 CM with an expansion of 4 CM (minimum)
168 CM (eligible reserved categories) 81 to 85 CM with an expansion of 4 CM (minimum)
Female  158 CM (General category) Nil
156 CM (eligible reserved categories) Nil
  • Physical Measurement Test is qualifying in nature.
  • The aspirants who fail in PMT will be eliminated from the further process.
  • For Additional Qualification & other many more details visit the official site.

Download HSSC Police Constable/ SI Syllabus 2020 pdf

The Syllabus of the Haryana Police Constable/SI post is given in detail over here. The syllabus is given in subject wise so it will be easier to prepare for the exam according to subjects. Applicants who are appearing for the Haryana Police exam 2020 can go through the detailed syllabus.

General Knowledge & Current Affairs

  • History of India (Haryana mostly) & its Adjacent Countries
  • Culture
  • Geography
  • Economical Scenario
  • Constitution of India & State Administration
  • Political series of Country Five-Year Plan
  • Contribution of Haryana in the National Movement.

Reasoning Ability

  • Analogies
  • Similarities and differences
  • Problem-solving
  • Relationship
  • Arithmetical computation and other analytical functions
  • Venn diagrams
  • Relationship concepts
  • Ability to observe and distinguish patterns etc.

Numerical Ability

  • Number Systems
  • Simplification
  • Decimals
  • Fractions
  • L.C.M.
  • H.C.F.
  • Ratio & Proportion
  • Percentage
  • Average
  • Profit & Loss
  • Discount
  • Simple & Compound Interest
  • Mensuration
  • Time & Work
  • Time & Distance
  • Tables & Graphs, etc.

General Science

  • Scientific methodology concepts, principles, and techniques
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Life sciences (Biology)
  • The earth/space sciences, technologies, etc.

Agriculture

  • History/ Facts of Agriculture
  • Fruits & Vegetable
  • Crop Production
  • Soil
  • Fertility
  • Fertilizing
  • Irrigation and Damage
  • Weed/Pests Control
  • Types of Crops
  • Soil & Land
  • Horticulture
  • Plantation and Deforestation etc.

Animal Husbandry

  • Importance of animal
  • Livestock farming
  • Animal Nutrition and nutritional importance
  • Dairy
  • Animal breeds
  • Diseases and symptoms in animals etc.

Related Links to Haryana police Syllabus 2020

Get HSSC Haryana Police Official Syllabus 2020 Pdf Click Here
Haryana HSSC Police Recruitment 2020 Click Here
HSSC Police Previous Papers Click Here
Check HSSC Official Website Click Here

HSSC Police Constable, JE Syllabus 2020 – Haryana SSC Constable Exam Pattern pdf

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 02:41 AM PST

The Haryana Staff Selection has given the HSSC Syllabus 2020. The candidates who have applied for the exam and searching for the syllabus can now easily find the Haryana SSC Syllabus 2020 here. Also, you can find the HSSC Exam Pattern & Syllabus 2020 on our page. Refer to the updated HSSC Exam Syllabus & Test Pattern 2020 for Haryana Constable, Sub Inspector, Craft Instructor, Computer Instructor, Engineer Posts. You can also know more about the Haryana Staff Selection Commission Syllabus 2020 at www.hssc.gov.in.

Haryana SSC Syllabus 2020 Pdf

Candidates who are applying for the various posts under HSSC like Instructor, Welder, Excise & Taxation Inspector, Group 4 & all other posts can get here the complete details. So, go through the below links and start preparing your examination before its too late.

Name of the Posts No. of Vacancies Syllabus Link
  Sub Inspector Various Posts HSSC Constable & SI Syllabus
Gram Sachiv  697 Posts HSSC Gram Sachiv Syllabus 
Junior Engineer 1624 Posts HSSC JE Syllabus
Instructor, Welder, Store Keeper & other Posts 2641 posts HSSC Workshop Syllabus 2020
Excise & Taxation Inspector 120 Posts HSSC Inspector Syllabus
Group 4 18,218 Posts HSSC Group 4 Syllabus
Fire Operator cum driver 1646 Posts HSSC Fire Operator Syllabus
Craft Instructor in Various Fileds 1064 Posts HSSC Craft Instructor Syllabus 2020
Computer Instructor, Computer Operator & other Posts 1399 posts HSSC Computer Instructor Syllabus 2020

HSSC Constable Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2020 

HSSC Syllabus 2020 is out for Constable & Sub Inspector posts!! Candidates who are going to give Haryana Staff Selection Commission Constable & SI Exam can download the complete updated Syllabus with Exam Pattern here. Aspirants are advised to check the below section of this page to find more details about HSSC Constable & SI exam 2020.

Good News for the Applicants who want to get settle under Haryana Government Jobs. Yes, What you heard is right. The Haryana Staff Selection Commission is releasing various vacancies for the Group C Posts i.e. Constable and Sub Inspector. Interested aspirants can apply for HSSC Careers. The applicant of HSSC Constable & SI must have basic knowledge of Syllabus and Test Pattern. So, we people from recruitment.guru have updated the complete HSSC Constable & SI Syllabus along with Exam pattern here. Job Seeker can get it for free of cost. Check related jobs like HSSC jobs in Employment News.

Haryana SSC Sub Inspector Syllabus 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Organization Haryana Staff Selection Commission
Total Vacancies Various
Name of the Posts  Sub Inspector
Category Syllabus
HSSC Constable Exam Date 2020 16th February 2020 (Tentative)
Official Website www.hssc.gov.in

Selection Process of HSSC Exam 2020

The Selection Process for HSSC SI & Constable Vacancies is provided below –

  • Written Examination (Knowledge Test)
  • Physical Screening Test (PST)
  • Physical Measurement Test (PMT)
  • Document Verification

HSSC Constable & SI Exam Pattern 2020

Sl No Name of the Subject No of Questions Marks
1 General Studies 100 80 Marks
2 General Science
3 Current Affairs
4 General Reasoning
5 Mental Aptitude
6 Numeric Ability
7 Agriculture
8 Animal Husbandry
9 Other relevant fields/ trades etc.
  • The HSSC exam will be in Objective type.
  • The duration of the examination is 90 Minutes i.e. 1 1/2 hour
  • Each question will carry 0.80 Marks i.e. a total of 80 Marks
  • This exam consists of 100 Questions
  • The language of this question paper is bilingual i.e. English and Hindi respectively.

The Aspirants who are eagerly waiting to participate in Haryana Staff Selection Commission Constable and Sub Inspector exam can check the complete syllabus here. Without having proper knowledge of syllabus one cannot get a good score in the examination. Getting qualify in the examination boards like HSSC is not a simple task. We are advising to those applicants who are going to write this exam please go through this article to get notified of HSSC Constable and Sub Inspector Exam Syllabus and Exam pattern. Hence, we have updated all the HSSC Constable Important syllabus here. Contenders can download it at free of cost.

HSSC SI Syllabus 2020

HSSC Syllabus 2020 – General Studies

  • Geography
  • Economical Scenario in India
  • Indian Constitution
  • About Five years plans
  • Indian Culture
  • The Contribution of Haryana in the National Movement
  • History of India
  • Political Science

Constable & SI Syllabus for HSSC Exam 2020 – General Science

  • Principles
  • Technologies
  • The Earth
  • Chemistry
  • Techniques of Physics
  • Competency of Scientific Methodology

Haryana Staff Selection Commission SI Syllabus 2020 – Numerical Ability

  • Allegations and Mixtures
  • Simple Interest
  • Volumes and Surface
  • Time and Work
  • Problems on Age
  • Problems on HCF & LCF
  • Races and games
  • Logarithms
  • Partnership
  • Banker’s Discount
  • Probability
  • Averages
  • Chain Rules
  • Ration and Proportion
  • Stocks
  • Compound Interest
  • Ares
  • Permutation and Combination
  • Square root
  • Decimal fractions
  • Numbers
  • Boats and Streams
  • Heights and Distance

HSSC Constable Syllabus 2020 – Current Affairs

  • Indian Current events
  • Current Science
  • Sports and Culture
  • Technology
  • Important Days
  • Current Affairs of National & International News
  • General Science
  • General knowledge

Haryana SSC Constable & SI Syllabus – Reasoning

  • Similarities
  • Relationships
  • Arithmetical Numbers
  • Analogies
  • Judgments
  • Syllogies
  • Statements and Conclusions
  • Venn Diagrams
  • Clock & Calendars
  • Number Series
  • Arithmetic number series
  • Relationship Concepts
  • Space Visualization
  • Similarities and Differences
  • Space Visualizations
  • Figures Classifications
  • Observation

Haryana Police Syllabus 2020 – Animal Husbandry

  • Livestock farming
  • Animal nutrition and Nutritional Importance
  • Animal Breeds
  • Dairy
  • Diseases and Symptoms in Animals
  • Importance of Animals

Computer Knowledge – HSSC SI Syllabus 2020

  • Operating System
  • MS PowerPoint
  • Internet
  • Computer Basics
  • MS Office
  • Windows
  • MS Excel
  • The Hardware of Computers
  • Internet
  • MS-Dos

Haryana SSC Constable & SI Syllabus 2020 Pdf

Get HSSC Constable and SI Previous Papers  


HSSC Gram Sachiv Exam Syllabus

HSSC Gram Sachiv Syllabus Details are updated here. People who are willing to take part in the HSSC Gram Sachiv Written Exam must download the HSSC Syllabus along with Exam Pattern from the direct links disclosed on this page. Haraya Staff Selection Commission Authority will conduct the written examination on 12th January 2020. We have stated the syllabus details essential to prepare well for the examination. Scroll down to get further details

Haryana Gram Sachiv Syllabus Details – Overview

Organization Name Haryana Staff Selection Commission (HSSC)
Name of the Post Gram Sachiv
No.of. Vacancies 697
Examination Date   12th January 2020 (Tentatively)
 Category  Syllabus
Job Location Haryana
Official Website www.hssc.gov.in

HSSC Gram Sachiv Exam Pattern 

Subject No.of. Mark (Weightage)
General Awareness, Reasoning, Maths, Science, Computer, English, Hindi, Concerned or relevant subject, as applicable 75%
History, Current Affairs, Literature, Geography, Civics, Environment, Culture, etc. of Haryana 25%

Haryana HSSC Gram Sachiv Syllabus 2020

General Awareness

  • Indian History
  • Indian Culture & Heritage
  • Current Events – National & International
  • Indian Polity
  • Indian Constitution
  • Science & Technology
  • Indian Geography
  • IT & Space etc
  • Indian Economy

Reasoning:

  • Mirror Images
  • Grouping Identical Figures
  • Figure Matrix Questions
  • Problem on Age Calculation
  • Decision Making
  • Inference
  • Analogy
  • NonVerbal Series
  • Test of Direction Sense
  • Number Series
  • Alphabet Series
  • Arguments
  • Ven Diagram
  • Blood Relations
  • Coding and Decoding
  • Number Ranking
  • Arithmetical Reasoning

Mathematics:

  • Simple Equations
  • Quadratic Equations
  • Indices and Surds
  • Mensuration
  • Percentages
  • Areas
  • Time and Distance
  • Problems on Trains
  • Odd Man Out
  • Numbers and Ages
  • Pipes and Cisterns
  • Time and Work Partnership
  • Ratio and Proportion
  • Simple Interest
  • Probability
  • Averages
  • Problems on L.C.M and H.C.F
  • Problems on Numbers
  • Compound Interest
  • Volumes Profit and Loss
  • Races and Games
  • Mixtures and Allegations
  • Boats and Streams
  • Permutations and Combinations
  • Simplification and Approximation

General Science:

  • Natural Products and Drugs
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics
  • Organic reaction mechanism and Stereochemistry
  • Organometallic compounds, Bioinorganic chemistry, and Polymers
  • Electrochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental methods
  • Poisons and Pesticides
  • Quantum Chemistry

English:

  • Antonyms
  • Active and Passive Voice
  • Substitution
  • Sentence Improvement
  • Synonyms
  • Spelling Test
  • Substitution
  • Passage Completion
  • Idioms and Phrases
  • Sentence
  • Completion
  • Error Correction (Underlined Part)
  • Transformation
  • Prepositions
  • Sentence Arrangement
  • Fill in the blanks
  • Spotting Errors
  • Para Completion
  • Joining Sentences
  • Error Correction (Phrase in Bold)

Social:

  • Nature of Indian Economy
  • Structural and Institutional features
  • Economic Underdevelopment
  • Opening the Indian Economy
  • Globalization
  • Economic Reforms in India
  • Privatization
  • Inflation
  • Trends in Inflation & their Impact on National Economy and Individual Income
  • Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation in India – Rural and Urban
  • Measurement of Poverty – Poverty Alleviation Programmes of the Government
  • Population Trends – Population Growth and Economic Development – Population Policy in India
  • Agriculture – Characteristics / Status – Technical and Institutional changes in Indian Agriculture
  • Agricultural performance
  • Issues in Food Security in India
  • Non-Institutional and Institutional Agencies in rural credit
  • Industry – Industrial and Labour Policy
  • Industrial performance
  • Regional Imbalance in India's Industrial Development -Public Sector Enterprises
  • Rural banking and financial institutions in India
  • Reforms in the Banking/ Financial sector
  • The globalization of Economy – Role of International Funding Institutions
  • IMF & World Bank
  • WTO
  • Regional Economic Co-operation
  • Social Structure in India – Multiculturalism – Demographic trends – Urbanisation and
  • Migration
  • Gender Issues Joint family system
  • Social Infrastructure
  • Education
  • Health and Environment
  • Education – Status & System of Education
  • Socio-Economic Problems associated with Illiteracy
  • Educational relevance and educational wastage
  • Educational Policy for India
  • Social Justice: Problems of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes – socio-economic programs for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and other backward classes
  • Positive Discrimination in favor of the underprivileged
  • Social Movements
  • Indian Political Systems
  • Human Development
  • Current Economic & Social Issues

Computer Proficiency

  • MS Office (Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint)
  • Internet Surfing.
  • E-mail Management
  • Windows Operating System
  • Basic & Uses of Computer
  • History of Computer
  • Input & Output Device
  • Generation Of Computer
  • LAN, WAN & Modem

[HSSC Gram Sachiv Syllabus Pdf Download]


HSSC Group 4 Syllabus 2020

The HSSC Group D Syllabus 2020 is updated below. However, the HSSC Group D Vacancies 2020 Online application is going to start from 29th August 2020. Hence, check out the HSSC Recruitment 2020 details before going to the Syllabus. Later, here is the HSSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern details for Group D Vacancies 2020. Also, check the Marks and other details in the HSSC Syllabus Pdf provided below. The Haryana Group D Recruitment 2020 is having a huge Vacancies. Hence, there will be a huge number of candidates going to apply, parallel there will be a Tuff competition for the written Examination. So, go through the HSSC Syllabus for Group 4 Exam 2020 Carefully and Start your Preparation.

HSSC Syllabus for Group 4 Exam 2020 Details

Description Details
Post Name Group 4
HSSC jobs 18,218
Category Name Syllabus

HSSC Exam Pattern Group 4 Vacancies 2020

The Haryana Staff Selection Commission Board is going to conduct the written Examination and Consider the Socio-Economic Criteria and Experience in the selection of candidates for Group 4 Vacancies. Hence, the applicants of Haryana Group 4 Vacancies 2020 are advised to check the Syllabus and Exam Pattern details in the table below. Later, don’t forget to download the HSSC Syllabus Pdf for Group 4 Exam 2020. For more details aspirants can visit the Official Haryana PSC Website.

Haryana Group 4 Recruitment is done for a total of 100 Marks. Where the written Exam is for 90 Marks and Socio-Economics and Experience is for 10 Marks. The HSSC written Exam Syllabus and Marks details are given below.

HSSC Syllabus & Exam Pattern – Group 4 Exam 2020

Sections Subjects Marks %
I General Awareness 75 %
Reasoning
Maths
Science
English & Hindi
II History, Current Affairs, Literature, Geography, Civics, Economics, Culture Etc of Haryana 25%
 Total  90 Marks
  1. Questions Type – Objective Type Multiple Choice Questions.
  2. 90 Marks for written Test.
  3. 10 Marks for Socio-Economical & Experience.
  4. For more details download the HSSC Syllabus Pdf below.
{HSSC Group 4 Syllabus Pdf}

HSSC Group 4 Previous Papers

Furthermore, check the HSSC Previous Papers from the link below. Also, download free HSSC Group 4 Exam Question Papers with Solutions and Last 5 Years Previous Question Papers Pdf for free. Also, download HSSC Group D Admit Card from November 2nd from our HSSC Hall Ticket Page. All the best for your HSSC Group 4 Examination 2020.

{HSSC Group 4 Exam Question Papers Pdf}

HSSC Fire Operator Syllabus 2020 Pdf

Haryana SSC Syllabus for Fire Operator Cum Driver is updated here. Candidates who have applied for the 1646 Fire operator Cum driver posts can check the HSSC Fire Operator Syllabus and Exam Pattern here. Furthermore, you can also get the download links for Haryana SSC Fire Operator Syllabus and Test Pattern on this page.

Haryana SSC Fire Operator Syllabus 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Name of the Organization Haryana Staff Selection Commission
Name of the Posts Fire Operator Cum Driver
Total Vacancies 1646
Category Syllabus
Official Website www.hssc.gov.in

HSSC Fire Operator Exam Pattern 2020

S. No Subject Names Total Marks
1. General Knowledge 90
2. English
3. Aptitude
4. Reasoning
5. Socio-Economic Criteria & Experience 10
Total 100

Download HSSC Fire Operator Syllabus 2020 Pdf

Are you looking for HSSC Fire Operator Syllabus 2020 Pdf download links? If yes, here it is. In this page, we have given the direct links to download the Haryana SSC Fire Operator Syllabus and Test Pattern in the Pdf format. Check the HSSC Syllabus 2020 for Fire Operator Cum Driver post here.

HSSC Exam Syllabus 2020 for General Knowledge

  • Geography.
  • Indian History.
  • Indian Economy.
  • Artists.
  • Sports.
  • Famous Places in India.
  • Famous Books & Authors.
  • Rivers, Lakes, and Seas.
  • Biology.
  • Countries and Capitals.
  • Indian Parliament.
  • Tourism.
  • Famous Days & Dates.
  • General Science.
  • Heritage.
  • Inventions and Discoveries.
  • Literature.
  • Civics.
  • Environmental Issues.
  • Indian Politics.
  • Current Affairs.

Haryana SSC Syllabus 2020 for English

  • Sentence Improvement.
  • Fill in the blanks.
  • Joining Sentences.
  • Substitution.
  • Error Correction (Underlined Part).
  • Idioms and Phrases.
  • Active Voice and Passive Voice.
  • Sentence Arrangement.
  • Passage Completion.
  • Antonyms.
  • Synonyms.
  • Sentence Completion.
  • Spotting Errors.
  • Para Completion.
  • Error Correction (Phrase in Bold).
  • Prepositions.

HSSC Fire Operator Exam Syllabus 2020 for Aptitude

  • Volume and Surface Area.
  • Races and Games.
  • Simple Interest.
  • Probability.
  • Surds and Indices.
  • Square Root and Cube Root.
  • Ratio and Proportion.
  • Permutation and Combination.
  • Decimal Fraction.
  • Height and Distance.
  • Pipes and Cistern.
  • Average.
  • Time and Distance.
  • Numbers.
  • Boats and Streams.
  • Allegation or Mixture.
  • Chain Rule.
  • Simplification.
  • Logarithm.
  • Stocks and Share.
  • Area.
  • Partnership.
  • Problems on H.C.F and L.C.M.
  • Banker's Discount.
  • Compound Interest.
  • Time and Work.
  • Problems on Ages.

Haryana SSC Driver Syllabus 2020 for Reasoning

  • Analogy.
  • Decision Making.
  • Arithmetical Reasoning.
  • Blood Relations.
  • Directions.
  • Syllogism.
  • Number Series.
  • Coding-Decoding.
  • Alphabet Series.
  • Cubes and Dice.
  • Embedded Figures.
  • Data Interpretation.
  • Clocks & Calendars.
  • Statements & Arguments.
  • Non-Verbal Series.
  • Embedded Figures.
  • Clocks & Calendars.
  • Number Ranking.
  • Statements & Conclusions.
  • Mirror Images.

HSSC Fire Operator Syllabus 2020 Pdf – Download here

Haryana SSC Fire Operator Previous Papers 


HSSC Excise & Tax Inspector Syllabus 2020

The HSSC Excise Inspector Syllabus along with Exam Pattern available. Download HSSC Syllabus PDF for Excise and Taxation Inspector Examinations. You may also visit the Official website www.hssc.gov.in for more Haryana SSC Exam Updates.

Haryana SSC Inspector Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2020 @ www.hssc.gov.in

Name of the Posts Excise Inspector and Taxation Inspector.
Number of Posts 120
Category Syllabus
Exam Date Update Soon
Official Website www.hssc.gov.in

HSSC Inspector Exam Pattern 2020

S.No Type Subjects
1. Objective Type General Knowledge (Haryana & India)
2. General Science
3. Reasoning
4. General English
5. Hindi
6. Mathematics
7. Tax for Taxation Inspector

Haryana Staff Selection Commission Tax & Excise Inspector Syllabus 2020

Reasoning

  • Verbal Reasoning.
  • Analyzing Arguments.
  • Logical Games.
  • Number Series.
  • Statements and Assumption.
  • Blood Relations.
  • Statement and Conclusion.
  • Logical Problem.
  • Theme Detection.
  • Matching Definitions.
  • Letter and Symbol Series.
  • Making Judgment.
  • Verbal Classification.
  • Logical Deduction.
  • Analogies.

English

  • Sentence.
  • Transformation.
  • Synonyms.
  • Para Completion.
  • Antonyms.
  • Joining Sentences.
  • Spelling Test.
  • Spotting Errors.
  • Error Correction.
  • Fill in the blanks.
  • Idioms and Phrases.
  • Sentence Arrangement.
  • Prepositions.
  • Improvement.
  • Active and Passive Voice.
  • Substitution.

General Knowledge – Haryana & India

  • Awards.
  • Events.
  • History GK.
  • Sports.
  • Latest current affairs.
  • Geography of General Knowledge.
  • National & International Days.

Mathematics

  • Numbers.
  • Multiplication.
  • Data Handling.
  • Weight.
  • Time.
  • Division.
  • Decimal Fractions.
  • Shapes & Spatial.
  • Measurement.
  • Understanding.
  • Geometry.
  • LCM & HCF.
  • Patterns.
  • Pedagogical Issue.
  • Money.
  • Volume.
  • Addition and Subtraction.

General Sciences

  • Inventions.
  • Botany.
  • Chemistry.
  • Physics.
  • Zoology.

Hindi

  • Speech.
  • Samas.
  • Sandhi.
  • Verbs.
  • Tenses.
  • Phrases.
  • Jumbling of Sentences.
  • Muhavare.
  • Sentences Transformation.
  • Upasargh.
  • Synonyms.
  • Translation of English Sentences into Hindi.
  • Paryayvachi Shabd.
  • Error Detection, etc.

Download HSSC Previous Papers PDF


HSSC Craft Instructor Syllabus 2020

Haryana SSC Craft Instructor Exam syllabus 2020 is available here for free. Candidates who have applied for the Job are now searching the HSSC Exam Pattern and Syllabus 2020. For those applicants, we have provided the HSSC Syllabus and test pattern. Also, It will help you a lot in preparing for the upcoming HSSC Exam 2020.

Haryana SSC Exam Pattern 2020 – HSSC Craft Instructor Syllabus

S.No.  Exam Type Name of the Subject
1. Objective Type General Awareness
2. Reasoning
3. General English
4. Aptitude
5. Mathematics

Haryana SSC Craft Instructor Syllabus 2020

General Awareness

  • Socioeconomic, Political and Cultural History of Modern India with special emphasis on
  • Indian Constitution; Indian Political System; Governance and Public Policy.
  • Logical Reasoning; Analytical Ability and Data Interpretation.
  • Movement and formation of the Haryana state.
  • Indian National Movement.
  • Current Affairs – Regional, National, and International.
  • Society, Culture, Heritage, Arts and Literature of Haryana.
  • International Relations and Events.
  • Social and Economic Geography, Physical and Demography of Haryana, and
  • Environmental issues; Disaster Management- Prevention and Mitigation Strategies.

Reasoning

  • Logical Games.
  • Statements and Assumption.
  • Number Series.
  • Blood Relations.
  • Analyzing Arguments.
  • Logical Problem.
  • Statement and Conclusion.
  • Theme Detection.
  • Verbal Reasoning.
  • Letter and Symbol Series.
  • Making Judgment.
  • Matching Definitions.
  • Verbal Classification.
  • Logical Deduction.
  • Analogies.

General English

  • Transformation.
  • Para Completion.
  • Joining Sentences.
  • Antonyms.
  • Synonyms.
  • Spotting Errors.
  • Spelling Test.
  • Sentence.
  • Error Correction.
  • Idioms and Phrases.
  • Fill in the blanks.
  • Sentence Arrangement.
  • Active and Passive Voice.
  • Prepositions.
  • Substitution.
  • Improvement.

Aptitude

  • Multiplication.
  • Weight.
  • Division.
  • Data Handling.
  • Time.
  • Decimal Fractions.
  • Measurement.
  • Shapes & Spatial.
  • Understanding.
  • Numbers.
  • LCM & HCF.
  • Pedagogical Issue.
  • Geometry.
  • Money.
  • Patterns.
  • Volume.
  • Addition and Subtraction.

HSSC Computer Instructor Syllabus 2020

Haryana SSC Computer Instructor Exam syllabus 2020 is available here for free. Candidates who have applied for the Job are now searching the HSSC Exam Pattern and Syllabus 2020. For those applicants, we have provided the HSSC Syllabus and test pattern. Therefore Haryana SSC Instructor Syllabus helps you best in the preparation.

Haryana SSC Exam Pattern 2020 – HSSC Computer Instructor Syllabus

S. No.  Exam Type Name of the Subject
1. Objective Type General Knowledge
2. Reasoning
3. General English/Hindi
4. Aptitude
5. Mathematics

General Knowledge

  • Awards.
  • History GK.
  • National & International Days.
  • Geography of General Knowledge.
  • Sports.
  • Latest current affairs.
  • Events.

Reasoning

  • Logical Games.
  • Statements and Assumption.
  • Number Series.
  • Blood Relations.
  • Analyzing Arguments.
  • Logical Problem.
  • Statement and Conclusion.
  • Theme Detection.
  • Verbal Reasoning.
  • Letter and Symbol Series.
  • Making Judgment.
  • Matching Definitions.
  • Verbal Classification.
  • Logical Deduction.
  • Analogies.

General English/Hindi

  • English Grammar.
  • Hindi Grammar.
  • Antonyms.
  • Synonyms.
  • Sentence Correction.
  • Error Correction.

Aptitude

  • Multiplication.
  • Weight.
  • Division.
  • Data Handling.
  • Time.
  • Decimal Fractions.
  • Measurement.
  • Shapes & Spatial.
  • Understanding.
  • Numbers.
  • LCM & HCF.
  • Pedagogical Issue.
  • Geometry.
  • Money.
  • Patterns.
  • Volume.
  • Addition and Subtraction.

Mathematics

  • Time & Work.
  • Loss & Profit.
  • Trigonometry.
  • Percentage.
  • Algebra.
  • Averages.

HSSC Workshop Syllabus 2020

Haryana SSC Exam syllabus 2020 is available here for free for the posts of Instructor, Welder, Store Keeper, Electrician Instructor, Librarian & Other. Candidates who have applied for the Job are now searching the Exam Pattern and Syllabus 2020. For those applicants, we have also provided the complete Syllabus and test pattern. It will help you a lot in preparing for the upcoming HSSC Exam 2020.

HSSC Exam Syllabus Details 2020

 Name of the Board  Haryana Staff Selection Commission (HSSC)
 Name of the Posts  Instructor, Welder, Store Keeper, Electrician Instructor, Librarian & Other Posts
 Number of Vacancies  2641 Vacancies
 Category  Syllabus
 Official Website  www.hssc.gov.in

Recently, HSSC has released various vacancies as mentioned above that will be recruited on Direct Recruitment of 1007 Vacancies, On Contract Basis 773 Vacancies and for Turner Instructor, Electrician Instructor & Other of 861 Vacancies i.e. a total of 2641 Vacancies. For more details go through the HSSC Jobs 2020 given.

Haryana SSC Exam Pattern 2020 – HSSC Workshop, Instructor Syllabus

S. No.  Exam Type Name of the Subject
1. Objective Type General Awareness
2. Reasoning
3. General English
4. Aptitude
5. General Knowledge

General Awareness

  • Socioeconomic, Political and Cultural History of Modern India with special emphasis on
  • Indian Constitution; Indian Political System; Governance and Public Policy.
  • Logical Reasoning; Analytical Ability and Data Interpretation.
  • Movement and formation of the Haryana state.
  • Indian National Movement.
  • Current Affairs – Regional, National, and International.
  • Society, Culture, Heritage, Arts and Literature of Haryana.
  • International Relations and Events.
  • Social and Economic Geography, Physical and Demography of Haryana.
  • Environmental issues; Disaster Management- Prevention and Mitigation Strategies.

Reasoning

  • Logical Games.
  • Statements and Assumption.
  • Number Series.
  • Blood Relations.
  • Analyzing Arguments.
  • Logical Problem.
  • Statement and Conclusion.
  • Theme Detection.
  • Verbal Reasoning.
  • Letter and Symbol Series.
  • Making Judgment.
  • Matching Definitions.
  • Verbal Classification.
  • Logical Deduction.
  • Analogies.

General English

  • Transformation.
  • Para Completion.
  • Joining Sentences.
  • Antonyms.
  • Synonyms.
  • Spotting Errors.
  • Spelling Test.
  • Sentence.
  • Error Correction.
  • Idioms and Phrases.
  • Fill in the blanks.
  • Sentence Arrangement.
  • Active and Passive Voice.
  • Prepositions.
  • Substitution.
  • Improvement.

Aptitude

  • Multiplication.
  • Weight.
  • Division.
  • Data Handling.
  • Decimal Fractions.
  • Measurement.
  • Shapes & Spatial.
  • Understanding.
  • Numbers.
  • LCM & HCF.
  • Pedagogical Issue.
  • Geometry.
  • Volume.
  • Addition and Subtraction.

General Knowledge

  • Awards.
  • History GK.
  • National & International Days.
  • Geography of General Knowledge.
  • Sports.
  • Latest current affairs.
  • Events.

HSSC JE Syllabus 2020

Haryana SSC Junior Engineer Exam syllabus 2020 is available here for free. Candidates who have applied for the Job are now searching the HSSC Junior Engineer Exam Pattern and Syllabus 2020. For those applicants, we have provided the updated syllabus and test pattern details. Therefore, it will help you a lot in preparing for the upcoming HSSC Exam 2020.

Haryana Jr Engineer Exam 2020 – Overview

Description Details
Organization Name Haryana Staff Selection Commission (HSSC)
Post Name Junior Engineer
Vacancies 1624
Category Syllabus
Official Website www.hssc.gov.in

The selection of the candidate is based on written exam and Socio-Economic criteria & experience.

Detailed Haryana SSC Jr Engineer Syllabus 

Haryana SSC JE Exam Pattern 2020 – HSSC Jr Engineer Syllabus

Name of the Subjects Weightage Total Marks
General Awareness, Reasoning, Maths, Science, Computer, English, Hindi & Relevant Subject 75% 90
History, Current Affairs, Literature, Geography, Civics, Environment, Culture, etc. 25%
  • The exam will be of Objective type questions.
  • The written exam will be for 90 marks and rest 10 marks for Socio-Economic Criteria & Experience.

Haryana SSC Junior Engineer Syllabus

General Studies and General Abilities

  • Current Affairs – Regional, National & International.
  • Social Exclusion; Rights issues such as Gender, Caste, Tribe, Disability etc.and inclusive policies.
  • Environmental Issues; Disaster Management- Prevention and Mitigation Strategies and Sustainable Development.
  • Socio-economic, Political and Cultural History of Haryana.
  • Analytical Abilities: Logical Reasoning and Data Interpretation.
  • Indian Constitution; Indian Political System; Governance and Public Policy.
  • General Science; India's Achievements in Science and Technology.
  • Economic and Social Development of India and Haryana.
  • Moral Values and Professional Ethics in Education.
  • Basic English.

General Abilities

  • Number Series.
  • Analogies.
  • Coding-Decoding.
  • Number Ranking.
  • Judgement.
  • Non/Verbal Series.
  • Directions.
  • Embedded Figures.
  • Mirror Images.
  • Arrangements.
  • Clocks & Calendars.
  • Decision Making.
  • Blood Relations.
  • Syllogistic Reasoning.
  • Problem Solving.
  • Cubes and Dice.
  • Visual Memory.
  • Alphabet Series.
  • Arithmetical Reasoning.

General English

  • School Level English Grammar: Articles, Tense, Noun & Pronouns, Adjectives, Adverbs, Verbs, Modals, Subject-Verb Agreement, Non-Finite, Reported Speech, Degrees of Comparison, Active and Passive Voice, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Conditionals.
  • Vocabulary: Synonyms and Antonyms, Phrasal Verbs, Related Pair of Words, Idioms and Phrases, Proverbs.
  • Words and Sentences: Use of Words, Choosing Appropriate Words and Words often Confused, Sentence Arrangement, Completion, Fillers and Improvement, Transformation of Sentences, Comprehension, Punctuation, Spelling Test, Spotting of Errors.

Aptitude

  • Multiplication.
  • Weight.
  • Division.
  • Data Handling.
  • Time.
  • Decimal Fractions.
  • Measurement.
  • Shapes & Spatial.
  • Understanding.
  • Numbers.
  • LCM & HCF.
  • Pedagogical Issue.
  • Geometry.
  • Money.
  • Patterns.
  • Volume.
  • Addition and Subtraction.

HSSC JE Civil Syllabus

  • Hydraulics.
  • Transportation Engineering.
  • Concrete Technology.
  • Environmental Engineering.
  • Soil Mechanics.
  • RCC design.
  • Steel Design.
  • Building Materials.
  • Surveying.
  • Estimating, Costing, and Valuation.
  • Structural Engineering.
  • Irrigation Engineering.
  • Theory of structures.

HSSC JE Electrical Syllabus 2020 

  • Electronics Devices.
  • Utilization of Electrical Energy.
  • Electromagnetic Theory.
  • Electrical Machines.
  • Control Systems.
  • Power Systems.
  • Analog and Digital Electronics.
  • Power Electronics & Drives
  • Power System Protection.
  • Network Analysis.
  • Switch Gear and Protection.
  • Electrical Instrumentation.
  • Power System Analysis & Control.

financial dictionary pdf - financial terminology dictionary - financial dictionary app

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:57 PM PST

financial dictionary pdf - financial terminology dictionary - financial dictionary app


Capital Recovery Definition

Posted:

Capital recovery refers to the earning back of the initial funds put into an investment that a company must accrue before it can earn a profit on its investment.

Long-Term Debt Definition

Posted:

Long-term debt is debt with maturities greater than 12 months. Values of long-term debts are more sensitive to interest rate changes.

Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Definition

Posted:

A required minimum distribution is a specific amount of money a retiree must withdraw from a tax-deferred retirement account each year after age 70 1/2.

Bond Futures Definition

Posted:

Bond futures oblige the contract holder to purchase a bond on a specified date at a predetermined price.

Quantity Supplied Definition

Posted:

The quantity supplied is a term used in economics to describe the amount of goods or services that are supplied at a given market price.

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Bearish Harami Definition

Posted:

A bearish harami is a two bar Japanese candlestick pattern that suggests prices may soon reverse to the downside. An uptrend precedes the formation of a bearish harami.

Synthetic Put Definition

Posted:

A synthetic put is an options strategy that combines a short stock position with a long call option on that same stock to mimic a long put option.

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Tree Diagram in Math

Posted:

A tree diagram in math is a tool that helps calculate the number of possible outcomes of a problem and cites those potential outcomes in an organized way.

Venn Diagram Definition

Posted:

A Venn diagram is an illustration that uses circles to show the commonalities and differences between things or groups of things.

Certificate of Deposit (CD) Definition & How CDs Work

Posted:

Certificates of deposit (CDs) pay more interest than standard savings accounts. Find the highest nationally available rates for each CD term here from federally insured banks and credit unions.

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Top 4 Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway

Posted:

Learn more about the largest institutional shareholders invested in Berkshire Hathaway's class A shares, which trade at over $300,000 per share.

6 Dangerous Moves for First-Time Investors

Posted:

First-time investors beware of these potentially disastrous decisions.

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Fueling Futures In The Energy Market

Posted:

The energy market influences every aspect of our lives, and these four options are its driving force.

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10 American Funds Mutual Funds with Long Track Records

Posted:

Learn about the performance of the mutual funds offered by Capital Group's American Funds that have the longest established track records.

5 Things to Know About Asset Allocation

Posted:

Overwhelmed by investment options? Learn how to create an asset allocation strategy that works for you as you build toward retirement.

Why Your Will Should Name Designated Beneficiaries

Posted:

Find out how to make the tough decisions when it comes to choosing beneficiaries for your will.

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Is Homeowners Insurance Tax-Deductible?

Posted:

While your premiums may be included in your property payments, homeowners insurance is usually not tax-deductible.

Investopedia's Guide to Watching 'Billions'

Posted:

This viewer's guide to the hit show "Billions" on Showtime help fans understand the financial industry jargon that is interwoven through the show's intense plot.

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Asset Protection Trust Definition (APT)

Posted:

An asset protection trust (APT) is a financial-planning vehicle for holding an individual's assets to shield them from creditors.

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Modern Portfolio Theory: Why It's Still Hip

Posted:

Investors still follow an old set of principles, known as modern portfolio theory (MPT), that reduce risk and increase returns through diversification.

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Will Your Retirement Income Be Enough?

Posted:

Part of retirement planning is figuring out if your retirement income will last. Find out if your retirement savings will provide the standard of living you want.

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Status Symbol Definition

Posted:

A status symbol is an object that means to signify its owners' high social and economic standing.

What Happens to My Annuity After I Die?

Posted:

With some annuities, payment ends with the death of the annuitant, but others provide for payment to a spouse or other beneficiary for years afterward.

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Stochastics: An Accurate Buy and Sell Indicator

Posted:

Easy to understand and highly accurate, stochastics is a technical indicator that shows when a stock has moved into an overbought or -sold position.

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5 Stages Of A Bubble

Posted:

Bubbles are deceptive and unpredictable, but understanding the five stages they characteristically go through can help investors prepare for them.

Point and Figure Charting: A Basic Introduction

Posted:

Learn how to construct and read point and figure price charts designed to highlight entry and exit points for long-term investing positions.

Understanding Liquidity Risk

Posted:

Make sure that your trades are safe by learning how to measure the liquidity risk.

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Options Trading With The Iron Condor

Posted:

This options strategy allows your profits to soar in a sideways market.

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The Difference Between Industrial vs. Consumer Goods

Posted:

Industrial goods are used for the production of consumer goods which are products sold and consumed by people.

The Increasing Importance of the Reserve Bank of India

Posted:

Leading global GDP growth rates are increasing the attention on the Reserve Bank of India.

Exempt Income Definition

Posted:

Exempt Income refers to earnings that are protected from federal income tax under certain circumstances.

Order Book Definition

Posted:

An order book is an electronic registry of buy and sell orders organized by price level for specific securities.

Multicultural Organization Definition

Posted:

A multicultural organization promotes diversity and inclusion among its employees and does not discriminate by race, sex, age, or any other ascribed characteristic.

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BCG Growth-Share Matrix Definition

Posted:

The BCG growth-share matrix is a heuristic developed by the Boston Consulting Group used to classify a firm's projects' outlooks.

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2019's 5 Largest Canadian Mining Companies

Posted:

Learn about the largest Canadian mining companies by market capitalization, including potash production, gold production and other rare minerals.

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The Best Books on Warren Buffett

Posted:

These six books aren't as satisfying as owning Berkshire-Hathaway shares, but much knowledge and enjoyment is to be found in them nonetheless.

Adjusted Gross Estate Definition

Posted:

Adjusted gross estate is the net worth of a deceased person's estate after deducting the cost of outstanding debts and administrative costs.

How Stock Options Are Taxed & Reported

Posted:

The tax rules for stock options are complex. If you receive stock options, talk with your tax advisor to determine how these tax rules affect you.

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Stock Record Definition

Posted:

A stock record is a legally-required list of all shares that are held by a brokerage on behalf of its clients. It is updated with every transaction.

Transferable Letter of Credit Definition

Posted:

A transferable letter of credit is one that grants a primary beneficiary to transfer their credit due to a secondary beneficiary.

Investing vs. Trading: What's the Difference?

Posted:

Investing refers to long-term buy-and-hold strategies that earn returns as the investment grows. Trading refers to buying and selling of securities seeking short-term profit.

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Ex Works (EXW) Definition

Posted:

Ex works (EXW) is a shipping arrangement in international trade where a seller makes goods available to a buyer, who then pays for transport costs.

5/1 Hybrid Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (5/1 Hybrid ARM) Definition

Posted:

The 5/1 hybrid ARM an adjustable-rate mortgage with an initial five-year fixed interest rate after which the interest rate begins to adjust every 12 months according to an index plus a margin.

UPS vs. FedEx: What's the Difference?

Posted:

Investigate the different business models and strategies for UPS and FedEx, two companies that seemingly compete for the same delivery business.

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New Cannabis Products Which Could Disrupt the Industry in 2020

Posted:

If these products take off, they could change the marijuana industry permanently.

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Hazard Insurance Definition

Posted:

Hazard insurance protects a property owner against damage caused by fires, severe storms, earthquakes, or other natural events.

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Other Long-Term Liabilities Definition

Posted:

Other long-term liabilities are debts due beyond one year that are not deemed significant enough to warrant individual identification on the balance sheet.

Profit from Mortgage Debt with MBS

Posted:

Mortgage-backed securities can offer monthly income, a fixed interest rate and even government backing. But just how can you make a profit on these assets?

Catastrophe Insurance Definition

Posted:

Catastrophe insurance protects businesses and residences against natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods, and against man-made disasters.

Buying a House on a Main Road: Pros and Cons

Posted:

Most people may not consider buying a house on a main road but there are advantages, such as convenience, better security, and a price discount.

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Underpayment Penalty Defined

Posted:

An underpayment penalty is a tax penalty enacted on those who fail to pay enough of their total estimated taxes.

Actuarial Rate Definition

Posted:

An actuarial rate is an estimate of the expected value of future losses.

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How Much Does a Dependent Reduce Your Taxes?

Posted:

Learn how claiming dependents, the earned income credit and child tax credit can reduce your taxes.

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Individual Tax Return

Posted:

An individual tax return is a tax form filed with a tax agency by an individual to report, calculate and pay tax.

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Should You Buy Gold Or Bitcoin?

Posted:

Investors looking for a safe haven have long turned to gold, but could bitcoin be a viable alternative?

What Are Soft Commissions?

Posted:

A soft commission, or soft dollars, is a transaction-based payment made by an asset manager to a broker-dealer that is not paid in actual dollars.

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5 ETFs and Mutual Funds for Dividend Investors

Posted:

Find out which five highly rated dividend funds are our favorites for their strong yields and overall performance in volatile markets.

Pooled Internal Rate Of Return (PIRR) Definition

Posted:

Pooled internal rate of return computes overall IRR for a portfolio that contains several projects by aggregating their cash flows.

Top Copper Stocks for Q1 2020

Posted:

These are the copper stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for Q1 2020.

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Abeyance Definition

Posted:

Abeyance is a situation in which the rightful owner of a property, office or title has not yet been decided.

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Funds Transfer Pricing – FTP Definition

Posted:

Funds transfer pricing (FTP) analyzes bank funding contributes to areas of strength and weakness within the bank.

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Brokerage General Agent Definition

Posted:

A brokerage general agent is an independent firm or contractor working for an insurance company that sells insurance products to select insurance brokers.

DAX Stock Index Definition

Posted:

The DAX is a German blue chip stock market index that tracks the performance of the 30 largest companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

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Laddering Definition

Posted:

In finance, the term "laddering" is used in a variety of ways depending on the industry. Its most common usage relates to retirement planning.

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Compensatory Damages Definition

Posted:

In a court case, the money awarded to a plaintiff to compensate for damages or other incurred losses, like injuries, are called compensatory damages.

Bank of America Earnings: What Happened with BAC

Posted:

Bank of America (BAC) reported Q4 earnings before market open on January 15. Net interest margin matched expectations on a slight earnings beat.

Civil Authority Clause Definition

Posted:

A civil authority clause is an insurance provision that outlines whether or not lost income will be reimbursed when a government entity denies access to covered property.

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Putting Your People Skills to Work

Posted:

Do you thrive on helping people? Do you find it rewarding to use your financial experience to assist others in reaching their goals? Let's talk.

How Program Trading Strategies Work

Posted:

Program trading strategies happen behind the scenes. They trade without emotion and can be highly profitable.

How to Invest in Liquor

Posted:

Investing in liquor has been profitable for ages, but there could be some hiccups along the way.

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Marijuana Companies That Legally Export Cannabis to the U.S.

Posted:

With recreational cannabis use legal among adults in Canada and marijuana companies on the rise, there is an opportunity for imports to the U.S.

An Introduction to Buying a Condominium

Posted:

Buying a condominium (condo) means not only purchasing a residence but also buying partial ownership in communal property within a condo development.

Form 1040-SR: Seniors Get a New Simplified Tax Form for 2019

Posted:

The 1040-SR is a new simple tax form for seniors, similar to the the now defunct 1040-EZ. You'll need to be 65 and older to use it, among other requirements.

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5 Common Methods of Holding Real Property Title

Posted:

There are several different ways that an individual can hold the title to real property. Learn the differences between five of the most common methods of holding title to a property. Some methods work better for business holdings and others work better for individuals. Find the one that best suits your needs.

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The Future of the Marijuana Industry in America

Posted:

Polls show that most Americans favor legalization, and studies on the use of medical marijuana have been promising. Should you invest in cannabis now?

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3 Top Frontier Markets ETFs

Posted:

You can get immediate exposure to frontier-market equities by investing in one of the top exchange-traded funds (ETFs) targeting these markets.

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Form W-2: Understanding Your W-2 Form

Posted:

Form W-2 reports an employee's annual wages and the amount of taxes withheld from their paycheck. Here's why you need a W-2 and how it is used.

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6 Reasons to Avoid Private Mortgage Insurance

Posted:

Private mortgage insurance (PMI) is costly, and the coverage only protects your mortgage lender, not you. Here are six reasons you should avoid PMI.

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Android Operating System Definition

Posted:

The Android operating system is a mobile operating system developed by Google primarily for touchscreen devices, such as cell phones and tablets.

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Advisor

Posted:

An advisor is any person or company involved in advising or investing capital for investors.

Debt Assignment Definition

Posted:

Debt assignment is a transfer of debt, and all the associated rights and obligations, from a creditor to a third party—often to a debt collector.

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Debt Ceiling

Posted:

The debt ceiling is a limit that Congress imposes on the amount of debt the the federal government can carry at any time.

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Channel Stuffing Definition

Posted:

Channel stuffing is an unethical method of deceptively inflating sales figures by forcing an oversupply of product onto retail and distribution channels, such as a car manufacturer to dealerships.

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Collectible Defintion

Posted:

A collectible is an item that is worth far more than it was originally sold for because of its rarity and/or popular demand.

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Underwriting Standards Definition

Posted:

Underwriting standards are guidelines established to ensure that safe and secure loans are issued and maintained.

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Ask Definition

Posted:

The ask is the price a seller is willing to accept for a security in the lexicon of finance.

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5 Best Countries to Retire to If You Love Winter

Posted:

Certain countries are better suited than others for retirees who welcome the change in temperature that winter brings. Here are five possibilities.

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Synthetic Letter of Credit (SLC) Defined

Posted:

A synthetic letter of credit is a negotiable instrument that guarantees that a specified payment will be made, and which is pre-funded by the bank.

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What If My Employer Doesn't Withhold Payroll Taxes?

Posted:

If your employer doesn't withhold payroll taxes, you'll need to know these points to know how much to pay in income tax.

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Cape Cod Method Definition

Posted:

The Cape Cod method is used to calculate loss reserves. It uses weights proportional to loss exposure and inversely proportional to loss development.

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Past Due Definition

Posted:

Past due is a loan payment that has not been made as of its due date. The borrower may be subject to late fees, unless there is a grace period.

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Administrative Budget Definition

Posted:

A administrative budget is used for planning and focuses on the costs of running an operation that is not tied to producing a product or service.

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Dividend Tax Credit Definition

Posted:

The dividend tax credit is the amount that a Canadian resident applies against their tax owing on the grossed up portion of dividends received from Canadian corporations.

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Total Insurable Value (TIV) Definition

Posted:

Total insurable value (TIV) is the value of property, inventory, equipment, and business income covered in an insurance policy.

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Narrow-Based Weighted Average Definition

Posted:

A narrow-based weighted average is an anti-dilution provision used to ensure that investors aren't penalized when companies issue new shares.

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Top Wind Stocks for Q1 2020

Posted:

These are the wind stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for Q1.

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TreasuryDirect Definition

Posted:

Investors can purchase federal securities—U.S. Treasury bills, bonds, and TIPS—directly from the government via the online platform TreasuryDirect.

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Moving Up: Dream House or Money Pit?

Posted:

If you are upgrading your home, here are factors to consider so you don't spend more money than you need to.

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Best CD Rates for January 2020

Posted:

Find & compare best CD rates available to anyone in the US! Check out the highest nationally available rates for each CD term from federally insured banks and credit unions.

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Top Oil and Gas Penny Stocks for Q1 2020

Posted:

These are the oil and gas penny stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for Q1 2020.

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Top Silver Stocks for Q1 2020

Posted:

These are the silver stocks with the best value, fastest growth, and most momentum for Q1 2020.

Series 4

Posted:

The Series 4 is a FINRA-sponsored licensing exam to become an options sales & trading supervisor.

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Transportation Sector

Posted:

The transportation sector consists of companies that provide services moving people, goods, or the infrastructure to do so.

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Understanding Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics

Posted:

Microeconomics is the study of individuals' and businesses' decisions, while macroeconomics looks higher up, at national and government decisions.

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Top 3 Firms Owned by Bausch Health Companies

Posted:

Learn more about Bausch Health Companies Inc. and the three top firms that it acquired as Valeant.

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Exemption Trust Definition

Posted:

An exemption trust helps minimize or eliminate federal estate taxes on a married couple's estate. The trust holds the assets of the first spouse to die.

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What to Expect in the Markets This Week

Posted:

Big banks report earnings next week, December retail sales are announced, and maybe phase one of the trade deal will finally appear.

Law of One Price Definition

Posted:

The law of one price is the theory that an economic good or asset will have the same price in different markets, given certain assumptions.

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Pool Factor Definition

Posted:

The pool factor is a measure of how much of the original loan principal remains in an asset-backed security (ABS).

Understanding Rent-to-Own Cars

Posted:

Shopping around for a car? Interest rates are still fairly low, but only if you have great credit. But what if you have bad credit or none at all?

SEC Form 11-K Definition

Posted:

SEC Form 11-K is a form filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission dealing with employee stock purchases and savings plans.

How exactly does one go about revoking a revocable trust?

Posted:

Learn more about revocable trusts, including the necessary legal procedure that a grantor must go through to revoke a revocable trust.

Passive Income Definition

Posted:

Passive income is earnings derived from a rental property, limited partnership, or other enterprise in which a person is not actively involved.

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Bear Steepener Definition

Posted:

A bear steepener is the widening of the yield curve caused by long-term rates increasing at a faster rate than short-term rates.

Income in Respect of a Decedent (IRD) Definition

Posted:

Income in respect of a decedent (IRD) represents untaxed income owed to the decedent before they passed away, like a salary or wages.

How Can I Invest in Gold?

Posted:

Investors looking to buy gold have three choices: the physical asset, a mutual fund/ETF that replicates its spot price, or futures and options.

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The Biggest Risks of Investing in Amazon Stock

Posted:

Find out which risks are most important to Amazon's shareholders. Learn which operational risks impact share prices and which financial risks affect investors.

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How Facebook Makes Money: advertising, payments and other fees

Posted:

Facebook, which rakes in billions of dollars in profit selling ad space, is facing rising scrutiny over privacy issues, antitrust violations, and its cryptocurrency named Libra.

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Debt Relief Definition

Posted:

Debt relief refers to strategies whereby debtors are able to lessen the burden of their obligations to a creditor.

What Is a Class Action?

Posted:

A class action is where one or more plaintiffs bring legal action on behalf of a larger group in a civil court claim.

Noninterest Expense Definition

Posted:

A noninterest expense is an accounting classification for particular costs incurred by financial companies that are not related to the payment of interest.

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Bitcoin or Altcoin: Can One of Them Replace Fiat?

Posted:

Enthusiasts expect a digital currency to become dominant over fiat money. But which one?

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The Most Typical Holding in a Special Purpose Vehicle

Posted:

Property-based investments are the most common kind of holding within a Special Purpose Vehicle, or SPV, and they help the parent company.

5 Types of REITs and How to Invest in Them

Posted:

Real estate investment trusts are a sound addition to a diversified portfolio. Learn what you need to know to invest.

How Uber Uses Your Ride Data

Posted:

Customers are not just a source of revenue for a company's core business. Companies like Uber use information about them to generate additional revenue.

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Energy-Efficient Buildings: Investing Pros, Cons

Posted:

Whether your interest in energy-efficient buildings is moral, financial, or both, take a look at the pros and cons from a financial perspective.

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economic news of india - world economic news - economics news for students - indian economy news

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 07:51 PM PST

economic news of india - world economic news - economics news for students - indian economy news


India is slowly turning into a startup hotspot for foreign nationals

Posted:

Every morning, Jose Leon, 33, rides his two-wheeler to work in Hyderabad's Jubilee Hills area, covering a distance of 10 km in under 30 minutes. "While driving in India, I only think of surviving," he says with a straight face. "But it is not that dangerous once you get a hang of it," adds the Costa Rican, who moved to India to start a business two years ago. Leon runs a medical transportation startup called StanPlus, essentially an Uber for ambulances, with his INSEAD batchmate Prabhdeep Singh. Navigating the bylanes of Hyderabad helps him familiarise himself with the new place, makes him feel less like an outsider.Amid a slew of MNCs that are looking at India, foreigners like Leon are an anomaly. For foreign individuals, "India is still not considered a lucrative destination to set up large-scale businesses," says chartered accountant Amit Maheshwari, whose firm Ashok Maheshwary & Associates specialises in business advisory for foreign firms and individuals. Bureaucratic delays, frequent regulatory changes in certain sectors and lack of investor trust dampen their spirits. 73361737 "You see an uptick largely in the food and beverages segment, where foreigners set up restaurants or food supply businesses to cater to their community of expats in India," he adds.Despite several stumbling blocks, a host of foreign nationals have relocated to India to fulfil their startup ambitions in the tech sector. In Bengaluru, Nakkyun Chong, 58, from South Korea has netted $1 million in seed funding to build Giftiicon, a marketplace for gift vouchers. British entrepreneur Lizzie Chapman is running a fintech company called ZestMoney in the same city, while 48-yearold Steve Hardgrave from the US has raised $75 million in funding to grow his edutech startup Varthana that offers services to improve access to private school education in India. 73361754 In 2016, Washington-born Katie Taylor moved from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston to Pune. The move was triggered by an ongoing project at MIT to build solar-powered irrigation systems to Indian farmers. "We would make assumptions about their requirements while working at MIT. But in our interactions with farmers during our India trips we realised we were getting it all wrong." Her venture has raised an undisclosed amount of funding from MIT and Tata Trusts in India, among other institutional investors.In the last two years, Mumbai-based chartered accountant Paras Savla has seen a 60% spike in enquiries from foreigners wanting to set up businesses in India. "Most of them are in the services and tech sectors," he says. South Korea's Chong failed in his first attempt of starting up in India couple of years ago. He delved into the e-grocery space and yielded to the high logistics and maintenance cost of running warehouses. But he saw a second chance in the country's growing online market to create Giftiicon. The soon-to-be-launched platform — synced with a user's Facebook and WhatsApp contacts — will allow users to send gift vouchers from various brands to people in their circle. "I decided to set up a platform business since I didn't want to rely too much on investor money," he says. 73361770 The size of Indian consumer market, tech talent and low labour cost are a huge draw for foreign entrepreneurs. People like Savla and Maheshwari, who specialise in assisting foreign individuals and entities on financial matters, also make it easier for them to set up businesses and register companies."Back in the 1990s when I came to India, it took me a year to get my company registered as a foreign national. Now it takes a matter of weeks," says Mikael Gislen, 57, who moved from Sweden to India in 1994 and runs a company, Gislen Software, in Chennai with an annual revenue of Rs 16 crore.The two areas where foreign entrepreneurs face the most resistance are in hiring senior talent and in getting investor interest. Leon remembers a hiring story that was a cultural lesson in disguise. He was about to make an offer to someone from Udaipur when the potential hire told him his parents were reluctant. 73361786 That parents were involved in a professional decision of this nature was a culture shock to Leon. "My cofounder Prabhdeep intervened during the call and asked to speak to his parents. He told them about our educational background and vision for the company. I thought the guy would freak out but it worked in our favour. He joined us two days later." Since then, Leon asks every potential hire about their family and financial obligations.A common fear among investors and potential hires is whether the foreign founder will be in India for the long haul, says Greg Moran, cofounder of ZoomCar. Moran, a New Yorker, moved to Bengaluru in 2012 to start the self-drive car rental company."There weren't too many startups then. They weren't as fashionable to work with as they are today. And people had a lot of questions about the market we were operating in," he recalls. Moran relied extensively on his referral network to hire talent in the early days. To woo investors, he focused on making the product speak for itself. 73361803 "Scepticism around foreign founders may never go away. But you have to keep plodding," says Moran, 34. ZoomCar has raised $121.9 million in funding to date. "The company is EBITDA profitable which is big for us," he adds.For many foreigners eager to venture into the Indian tech startup ecosystem, ZoomCar is a success story. The problem, says Prabhdeep Singh, is that such stories are very few. To make matters worse, they are often outweighed by stories of foreigners retreating to their home country after a stint in India.Take, for instance, Canadian entrepreneur Marissa Bronfman. The 33-year-old former journalist came to Indian on a work assignment a decade ago and fell in love with the country. In 2011, she moved to Mumbai and started a digital agency bagging a few luxury clients rather quickly. Soon after, she started a vegan food business. "But the increasing cost of living in India as a foreigner, what with the taxes, and the lack of institutional support became an issue. As a woman and foreigner, meeting Indian male investors for my food venture was also a challenge," she says. 73361820 "Scaling a natural food business is far more difficult than scaling a software company or a mobile app. Not only was I a woman raising for something historically and culturally associated with the domestic realm, but my status as a foreigner added an extra layer of perceived risk." In 2017, Bronfman moved back to Toronto. Data from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs points to this churn. While the total number of companies registered by foreign individuals and entities went up from 4,625 to 4,866 between 2017 and 2019, the number of active firms in this category went down a little from 3,380 to 3,376.Even ZoomCar's cofounder David Back returned to the US in 2015, after staying in India for about three years. When StanPlus was founded in Hyderabad in 2016, two of its three cofounders were foreigners - Leon and Antoine Poirson from France. But Poirson moved out of India eventually, says Singh, the company's Indian cofounder. 73361833 "We need more diversity in the people creating new-age companies in order to bring fresh perspectives and work ethics," says Singh. During the early days of StanPlus, the cofounders decided against paying bribes to expedite processes. "I reasoned that this is how things are done in India, but they said that's not how we would work," recalls Singh. StanPlus, having raised $1.1 million in funding so far, occupies a 30% market share in Hyderabad at present. It has doubled its capacity over the last six months, with 1,000 owned and affiliated ambulances operating across Bengaluru, Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad. Jessiedna Araujo, an investment professional at Kstart Capital, Bengaluru, agrees with Singh. "The biggest advantage of being a foreign entrepreneur in India is that you are able to bring different perspectives and approaches to the table," says the former electrical engineer from Brazil. Araujo moved to India in 2016 and started a food truck business in Bengaluru, which she sold off two years later. She tolerates the city's traffic and pollution but likes the people and "affordable cost of living". 73361845 Pollution levels in the city bug the athlete in Moran too. "I also miss potable tap water," he says. After spending close to three decades in India, Gislen from Sweden doesn't feel like an outsider in Chennai anymore. "I speak better Tamil than many Indian employees in my company," he says. Leon misses the clear blue skies of Costa Rica. Chong of Giftiicon misses the snow of South Korea and his all-weather friends there.What some of them are happy to be rid of is the political climate of their home country but almost all are concerned about the current scenario of political and economic instability in India. "It is disturbing to see hate speech and discrimination becoming acceptable and leading to violence in my home country, the US, and here," says Taylor of Khethworks. India is not an adventurous trip for any of them. They mean business and they want it to work. "After running a business for four years in India, it doesn't feel like a research trip anymore. This is my life," says Taylor. Chong has even roped in his 26-year-old daughter Jihyun, who has studied professional design in the US and the UK, to look at the user interface and user experience of his new startup. "I have put in all my life's savings into this business. I have to make it successful. Otherwise, I will have to go back to Korea and live in the mountains," he says, only half-jokingly.

This $4-tn industry isn’t afraid of recession

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By Vildana HajricRecession. Just the mention of it sends shivers down the spine of even the most stalwart on Wall Street. But not among sellers of exchange-traded funds.A growing number of asset managers see a prolonged downturn spurring the next big cash injection for the $4.5 trillion US industry which, after years of meteoric growth, is showing signs of slowing down. While assets rose 32% in 2019, fund debuts shrank to the lowest in five years and liquidations jumped.Naysayers have been forecasting a recession for years as the U.S. extends its longest period of continuous growth in more than a century. But as companies try to cycle-proof their businesses, there's a growing roster of ETF providers who think a significant correction could scare billions of dollars out of mutual funds -- and see them reinvested in ETFs. 73363478 "We know the market's going to trend down at some point and it could be the next wave -- it could catalyze the next wave -- of ETF adoption," Rich Powers, Vanguard Group's head of ETF product management, said at a conference in December. There's precedent, he said, arguing that the global financial crisis was "one of the great catalysts for the adoption and acceleration of ETFs."Certainly, money managers like Vanguard and BlackRock Inc. have done very well since the crash as investors increasingly adopt passive products, but the connection between the two is a little counterintuitive. If negative growth curtails the stock market's bull run, you can bet ETFs will slide as investors head to the exits. But the argument goes that this short-term pain could ultimately translate to long-term gain for money managers. 73363484 That's because a downturn could also prompt redemptions from mutual funds -- ETFs' main rival for assets -- and this money could flow back into the market via cheaper ETFs. Active managers, who pick and choose investments, will come under heightened pressure to beat their benchmarks during times of stress and any underperformance may augment the appeal of indexed products."The spikes in growth are always when assets move from the incumbency, from where they're stuck to the new places," said Michael Venuto, co-founder and chief investment officer of Toroso Investments. "A lot of the ETF growth is new assets coming in; what we're talking about is the $14 trillion that's over there in mutual funds and unsticking it."History shows that market pullbacks have been beneficial for ETF flows, according to a study in 2018 by Toroso. 73363489 For example, many investors in actively-managed strategies flocked to low-cost passive funds following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, despite the stock market taking another six months to bottom out. Stock ETFs saw inflows of nearly $64 billion in the three months that followed the bank's fall, data compiled by Bloomberg show. After 12 months, inflows totaled more than $66 billion.By contrast, equity mutual funds saw outflows of $109 billion in the quarter after Lehman failed, according to the Investment Company Institute. Investors added just $15 billion back to these funds over the subsequent nine months, leaving flows in 2009 far below the $73 billion that was contributed in 2007, the data show.Some of the shift comes down to cost. Investors in active funds pay about 4.5 times more than those in passive products, the widest disparity since 2000, according to a 2018 Morningstar Inc. study. The cheapest ETF costs as little as 20 cents for every $1,000 invested, a major draw for anyone disillusioned with stock-picking, data compiled by Bloomberg show.Tax is also a factor, with investors disincentivized from selling their mutual funds in good times for fear of incurring capital gains. But a downswing could reduce those gains and create a strong motive to bail. Investors could then choose to buy a low-cost ETF over a higher-cost, underperforming mutual fund when the market recovers.Whatever the reasoning, ETFs have become more versatile compared with other fund formats and are easier to trade, said Ben Johnson, an analyst at Morningstar. "Thus, investors of all stripes with different needs, views, and time horizons have and will continue to gravitate toward the format."

The curious case of death penalty in India

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The four convicts in the 2012 Delhi gangrape case could be hanged on February 1. This will be the first time in 5 years a death penalty will be carried out in India and puts a spotlight on courts handing out capital punishment for murders involving sexual violence.102 Capital Punishments in 2019: After handing out 186 death sentences in 2018 — a 20-year high — the number of capital punishments given out at trial courts in 2019 declined sharply to 102. But the share of death sentences for sexual crimes is on the rise, driven by several state-level sentencing decisions. 73360932 73360952 Spotlight on Sexual Crime:There is a clear focus on perpetrators of sexual crimes as particularly "deserving" of the death penalty. However, there is no evidence that adding the death penalty for rape under certain circumstances has acted as a deterrent. In fact, the number of rape-murders increased between 2017 and 2018. 73360960 402 on Death Row:At the end of 2018, there were 402 people who had been handed out capital punishment in the country, with Maharashtra home to the most number of such convicts (76), followed, some distance away, by Uttar Pradesh (44) and Madhya Pradesh (40). 73360969 Pace of a Case:Despite the 2012 Delhi gangrape case used as an example of rape victims having to wait many years for justice, the case progressed faster than the average death penalty case, especially in the initial years. 73360981 Death Row Convicts: A Profile:Poorly educated and primary breadwinners for their families, the Delhi gangrape case convicts fit the description of the average person sentenced to death in the country. 73360976

How India's car market is undergoing a rapid change

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When Shubhankar Rawat, 39, bought a Kia Seltos sports utility vehicle in late December, he says it felt like an upgrade. The Korean automaker's first offering on the roads in India was loaded with features thus far unheard of in a mid-segment car. It's loaded with bells and whistles — three screens, including a retractable one, to handle vehicle health, navigation and entertainment duties; cameras and sensors all over; ventilated seats; the works. "It feels like top-end car features at a price point where Merc, BMW and Audi don't even have a product," says Rawat, a Gurgaon-based portfolio manager. The luxury carmakers, of course, have raced ahead on innovation and top-end models boast of voice and gesture controls with almost every part under the hood embedded with sensors, capturing data continuously with help just a touch away.Car companies have long tried to load vehicles with tech. But the level of tech and tech-enabled services in popular models now hitting the roads in India is such that the ecosystem is witnessing a realignment. Telematics, arrays of sensors and 24-hour live assistance mean car companies are having to upskill everyone from salespersons to mechanics, operate call centres and mount aggressive collaborations with tech companies or raise large tech divisions in-house, employing data scientists, software architects and programmers, to meet expectations about in-cabin features. This is spawning new jobs even as it renders parts of the older ecosystem — especially low-tech roadside mechanics — obsolete.Digital Dashboards"The car is becoming complex. It's changing from a mechanical system to a smart, sensor-driven system," says CV Raman, executive director and head of engineering at Maruti Suzuki India. The transformation is segment-agnostic. "We are aspiring to be a digital company," says Manu Saale, MD & CEO at Mercedes-Benz R&D India. 73362439 In December, Mercedes-Benz launched a model with voice and gesture controls. You can ask the car what's the weather at your destination, or if there's an Italian restaurant close by, for instance. The car will not only give the options, but also take you there should you like to go. "What's available in high-end vehicles today will be available in small cars tomorrow," says Ganesh Kalyanaraman, global delivery head for manufacturing, logistics, energy and utilities at Cognizant. 73362444 As core vehicle features such as engine, capacity and comfort have become optimised and harder to base differentiations on, the competition has moved to make cars smarter and more connected, in a bid to make in-cabin experience the edge against competition. This means manufacturers are packing cars with computers and sensors. Apart from monitoring and optimising every aspect of a vehicle's performance, the computers and a mobile internet link also make sure the car is never off the grid. What can't be fixed automatically (like a leak in the coolant pipe or brake pad clogging) results in an alert on the dashboard. Data is stored on on-board computers or transmitted to the cloud where the manufacturer can monitor in case of a call for help. 73362448 "A luxury vehicle has the computing power of 20 PCs (personal computers), and about 100 million lines of code. It has 50-100 CPUs and can process 25 GB of data every hour," says Kalyanaraman. Today's cars are an integration of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), resulting in what's broadly termed as a connected car. 73362459 "A Mercedes has more lines of code than a Boeing Dreamliner 747. There are at least 100 ECUs (engine control units) in a top-of-the-line car," says Saale. Lingraju Sawkar, GM, global technology services, IBM India/South Asia, adds: "Spends (by auto companies) on classic IT are reducing while spends on business IT are increasing." By classic IT, he means traditional solutions such as enterprise resource planning software, emails, etc. IBM partners with a host of carmakers to make them smarter. For example, if the brake pad is good to last another 25,000 km, the sensor should send that alert to the owner's app or the car's screen well in advance to replace it. 73362469 Tech PartnersCarmakers are partnering with hardware and software developers to get that smart edge. Take MG Hector, China's SAIC Motor's first offering in India. It has partnerships with Cisco, Microsoft, SAP, iTeligence, Adobe, Cognizant, Panasonic and TomTom (for maps). Chip makers Infineon Technologies, NXP and Western Digital are eyeing big business from carmakers. Maruti has a core team of 110 staff in IT and also works with partners such as Wipro, Infosys, IBM, NXP and others to develop hardware and software solutions. 73362481 Gaurav Gupta, chief commercial officer, MG Motor India, says, "The Hector comes with over-the-air software update capabilities." That means much like a smartphone, it can upgrade its software via wireless internet connectivity.When Tesla first introduced the feature in 2012, it caused a sensation in the auto industry. Now a car priced upwards of Rs 12 lakh has the same features. 73362492 Among American carmakers, GM introduced the feature only in 2019 and Ford has said its vehicles will get the capability in 2020. Mercedes prefers to do it all in-house at its R&D units in Bengaluru, Sunnyvale in California and at its headquarters in Germany. "It's all too valuable to be outsourced. When it becomes commodity, maybe we will," says Saale. 73362507 Even in features such as in-car navigation, which has been around for a while, there's constant pressure to upgrade. "There's demand for better experiences. Maps, for instance, moved from 2-D to 3-D to now high-definition. Cameras are becoming more intelligent. Topend models can easily use up to 1 TB of storage while a mid-range car will have around 256 GB storage," says Vivek Tyagi, senior director for enterprise sales, India & South Asia, Western Digital, a US-based hard-disk maker and data storage firm.Dashboard as a User InterfaceReal-time data processing has led to increasing on-board storage. While data is moved to the cloud eventually, a lot of data critical to the vehicle's operation is stored on-board to avoid any lag during the exchange over the cloud. "Parts that need to process data real-time can't take a chance and that's pushing the envelope for bigger hard disks within cars," adds Tyagi. 73362517 This has resulted in new design concepts as well. Sanjay Gupta, vicechancellor at World University of Design, a Haryana-based institution, says carmakers are trying to turn the experience in the cabin akin to one that users are familiar with — using a smartphone. "The focus is on making the interface similar to a smartphone operation with features such as easy scrolling and swiping. The dashboard should be able to implement GPS, play music and videos and log data." With the dashboard becoming a user interface, "design focus is on making them flexible unlike earlier when they were fixed", Gupta adds.While the focus of innovation currently revolves around comfort, connectivity and safety, it all started with regulation compliance. Before emission laws came in, it was possible to build a car without a smart sensor. Now even entry-level cars come with at least an engine control module (ECM) to monitor emissions and keep them at acceptable levels."Now this has scaled further to make cars better and create a smartphone kind of experience on wheels. All systems in a car are connected to a CAN or controller area network. CAN sends signals (via alerts on apps or in-car screens) to enable, disable things or even repair/replace them," says Maruti's Raman.More Business for CarmakersEarlier, a customer's relationship with a car dealer rapidly diminished once the car left the showroom. Mechanical parts could be repaired by roadside shops which were usually 30-50 per cent cheaper than authorised service stations, notwithstanding the risk. "Buyers disappeared after the first three free services," says a dealer. Car companies have now changed tack to make sure it is the company the customer calls at the first sign of trouble. Expensive modern cars at any rate cannot be repaired by roadside repair shops. This, the automakers hope, would improve lifetime revenues from a vehicle.This has spawned a new support ecosystem. In December, Bosch started an emergency call service in India for Mercedes-Benz customers. The service is supported by data and call operations centres in Bengaluru and Coimbatore.Bosch, which supports Mercedes globally, declines to share employee numbers but a spokesperson said the current set-up is capable of supporting up to 1 million cars. The call centre responds automated/manual alerts and supports arranging response when needed. Besides help for any engine-related problems, it enables access to 13,500 hospitals and police stations across 27 states and 5 Union territories. The assistance is provided in Hindi and English.Upgrading MechanicsIn 2018, Maruti launched Suzuki Connect, an embedded device that tracks the location and key performance parameters of a vehicle in real time. Information about the car is relayed to the cloud and can be accessed by the company and its dealers. Available in four of its top models, Suzuki Connect at the backend is supported by 10,000 people manning call centres and service stations. "We offer over-the-air software upgrades. And in case you need a mechanic to attend, much like hiring an Uber, you can track their location and the time they will take to respond," says Rajesh Uppal, CIO at Maruti Suzuki India.Suzuki Connect costs Rs 10,000 for a three-year subscription. In the last 12-18 months, 6,500 technicians have been trained to install Suzuki Connect and this could increase to 10,000 in the coming months. MG Motor has partnered with Bajaj Allianz for roadside assistance. The company claims its Pulse Hub call centre, managed internally, will answer queries within 10 seconds. Dearer Cars:All this means buyers are also more for support. Companies take anywhere from Rs 10,000 to Rs 30,000 for up to three years of maintenance. "Earlier when I bought a car I didn't really need to go back to the dealer for expensive repairs as there was always a good option in the neighbourhood which was 30-40 per cent cheaper than the manufacturer. Now that option has gone," says Pooja Mittal, a Delhi-based marketing professional, who sold her 2007 Innova and bought a Hyundai Creta in mid-2019. Mittal is happy with her purchase. "It's an upgrade. Cameras make life easy when parking and reversing. Inside the car I'm connected automatically via Bluetooth, so I don't need to reach out to my phone if it rings or to read messages quickly," she says. However, "the wireless charging pad is not good to charge the iPhone 7 and the location of dashboard screen which show maps and other alerts could be better as I have to take my eyes off the road to look at them".Raman Roy, chairman-cum-managing director of Quatrro BPO Solutions, who drives a Toyota Camry, says: "The roadside fellow has no answer to any problem, barring a flat tyre or replacing a fused bulb. I had a problem with lights and had to take it to the company to fix them as lights were software-driven. You are stuck even for basic things like car lights." The prospects for the ubiquitous roadside garage, therefore, are bleak.Kavan Mukhtyar, partner & leader, automotive, PwC India, believes that by 2025, about one-third of the cost of the car will be accounted for by computers on-from about 10 per cent at present. "Car is becoming a moving computer. Roadside garages will see a dead end unless they become part of a bigger network, aligning with carmakers.Vehicle as a Service (VaaS) will be a new business model and up to 50,000 new jobs will be created in the next three to five years to support the cars." Western Digital's Tyagi sees car companies tying up with local repair garages to deliver services, "much like e-commerce companies partnering with kirana shops for quick delivery".Delete the DataBuyers will have to pay more for service every year and will even sign up for multi-year maintenance contracts. They will have to get used to software upgrades, firewall protection, diagnostics via app and hooking up with call centres for assistance. And buyers are keen, even in the used car market, to get a tech-loaded car. Sunny Kataria, VP, Auto, Olx India, says: "Ownership period of cars has declined from 7 years to 4 years and is expected to touch 3 years in 2020 — almost smartphone kind of replacement cycles. Cars with tech features can fetch 10-12 per cent higher prices than regular cars."While many might be keen to upgrade to new models, the level of data logging means owners must be careful to delete and reboot before selling a tech-loaded car. Much like a smartphone.Future ReadySmarter, connected cars will not only predict what is ahead, but even flySony Vision S 73362554 What happens when consumer electronics giants design cars? We have at least one answer in Sony Vision-S from Sony Corp. The car has 33 sensors, including 12 cameras, three solidstate lidar sensors (to measure distance using laser), and 15 radar and ultrasonic sensors. The combined hardware monitors traffic, road, driver and passengers. The dashboard is a screen that stretches between the pillars. If you don't see Vision-S on the roads in the coming years, you might find all the tech wizardry in cars that use this licensed tech from Sony.Hyundai Uber Flying Car 73362562 South Korean carmaker Hyundai aims to free up road traffic and make people zip across cities. The answer is a flying car, targeted at people in megacities like London and New York who can afford helicopters to get around. The electric flying car will have a range of 100 km per charge and recharge in 5-7 minutes. The plan is to mass produce these 5-seater vehicles and deploy them for Uber's air taxi network. Tests are due in 2020-21 and deployment is likely in 2023.AI-powered Sun Visor 73362573 It is the biggest upgrade of a car part that has barely changed for decades. Bosch has introduced artificial intelligence (AI)-powered sun visor called Virtual Visor. The visor takes the form of a rectangle that swings down from the headliner to block sunlight. It is a transparent LCD screen that uses an occupant-monitoring camera to track shadows across the front passengers' faces. AI then identifies facial features and uses this information to tint only the parts of the visor through which sunlight hits the passenger's eyes, creating a shadow that looks like a robotic Venetian mask. The rest stays transparent. All this for a safer drive.

Demolition of Maradu flats in Kochi turns spotlight on controlled explosion

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Rajeevan Nair could not bring himself to go out and watch what was a spectacle to many. Hundreds gathered in Maradu in Kochi on the second weekend of January to witness something that had never been done in India before — four illegally constructed skyscrapers being pulled down with explosives. "For them, it was like a fireworks show. But we were on the verge of losing our house in the vicinity of the high-rises," says the 56-year-old deputy superintendent at the Kochi Port Trust.Nair's villa was a mere 12 metres away from one of the four apartment buildings that were to be brought down because of a Supreme Court order. And he was scared the demolition would damage his house, too. A week before the destruction, he covered his entire house with tarpaulin and moved with his family to a rented dwelling 150 metres away. When the lakeside buildings came crashing down — two towers were brought down on January 11 and two on 12 — he could hear the explosions. "I felt the earth tremble." He watched the videos online, like millions more, as the collapse was live-streamed and the clips went viral. The event was extensively reported by the local and national media, and even piqued the interest of global news outlets.When the dust from the collapse settled, Nair heaved a sigh of relief. His residence had survived the demolitions. He plans to move back after a round of cleaning and painting. He also plans to have an engineer assess his house for cracks.The Kochi demolitions have brought to the fore controlled implosion, a method that has been used to raze buildings in the West for decades but is still relatively uncommon in India, thanks to lack of expertise and the availability of cheap labour for alternative methods. But with the success of the Kochi demolitions, controlled implosion could now find more takers across the country.73362731 The demolition videos show how controlled implosion works. First, explosives go off in a sequence at strategic places in the building. The structure then starts collapsing on itself. A thick cloud of dust and debris envelops the surrounding greenery and buildings. The whole operation is over in a matter of seconds. What took years to erect is reduced to rubble in the blink of an eye.What is interesting in this form of demolition is that the process largely leaves the adjacent buildings untouched. In Maradu, some houses in the vicinity reported damages to windowpanes and roofing sheets due to the implosions.S Suhas, district collector, Ernakulam, who oversaw the demolitions, says convincing the locals about the safety of the implosions was a bigger challenge than the technical hurdles.73362735 People from within 200 m of the buildings were temporarily evacuated, roads were cleared and Section 144 imposed for a few hours on both days. The Ernakulam administration spent around Rs 2 crore for the demolition project, with the contractors making money off the steel recovered from the buildings and the debris. No other structure in the vicity saw major damages because of the demolition, he adds."People are not fine with something exploding in their neighbourhood. But after the Kochi demolitions, thanks to the media coverage, they might become more comfortable with it," says Manish Kumar, assistant professor at the IIT-Bombay.Among other structures recently razed through controlled implosions are fugitive diamantaire Nirav Modi's bungalow in Alibag and a hotel in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, both in 2019. An 11-storey residential building in Chennai was brought down in 2016. Telangana reportedly wants to use controlled implosion to tear down its secretariat.73362741 There is no data available on the buildings demolished every year in India. But according to the 2011 Census, around 5% of residences, or over 13 million units, are in a dilapidated condition. And there were over 2,000 deaths from structural collapses in 2018, according to the National Crime Records Bureau.Demolition is a largely unorganised industry with lax safety standards, and there are fewer than 10 companies in India with the know-how to carry out implosions. While explosives are used in mining and to bring down cooling towers and chimneys, they have rarely been used to bring down large buildings in India.73362747 Even in the US, Europe and China, where implosions of tall structures are hardly a novelty, the method is used in just 1-2% of demolitions. Before implosion, a building is cleared of toxic and flammable materials, glass, furniture, etc. Then the columns are drilled to be filled with explosives like ammonium nitrate, 750 kg of which was reportedly used in Kochi. The explosives are placed in such a way that the structure falls to a side if there are no buildings nearby or crumbles on itself.Controlled implosion is preferred for structures with more than 10 floors or when a building is to be razed quickly. The latter was the case with Modi's bungalow, which was in violation of coastal regulation zone (CRZ) norms. Vijay Suryawanshi, district collector of Raigad, says he gave the demolition order but Modi didn't challenge it."I wanted to do it before he could challenge the order." It was his first controlled implosion and cost the government just Rs 2.5 lakh. There are another 150 illegal bungalows in the district whose demolition has been stayed. "Once the stay is vacated, we will use controlled implosions to demolish them. It is cheap and saves time," adds Suryawanshi.A controlled implosion can be done in half the time it takes to use a high-reach excavator or a wrecking ball, and can cost just as much in some cases.Time constraint was also the primary reason for the choice of controlled implosion for the Maradu flats, whose construction began in 2006. They were later found to be flouting CRZ rules, which do not permit any construction within 200 m of the coast in the area. After homeowners got a reprieve from the Kerala High Court in 2015, the matter was taken to the Supreme Court, which in May 2019 ordered the demolition of the nearly 350 flats. After rejecting review petitions by the builders, the apex court in September asked for the demolition to be expedited and for homeowners to be paid a compensation of Rs 25 lakh.The authorities had to make sure the neighbouring buildings, one of which was just 6 m away, suffered no damage. The district administration invited bidders and chose two companies — Mumbai-headquartered Edifice Engineering and Chennai-based Vijay Steels — to carry out the demolitions. Planning began three months ago and Edifice, which was given three of the four buildings, sought the expertise of Johannesburg-based Jet Demolition, known for carrying out controlled implosions."It was one of our most challenging projects as the time we had was exceptionally short and there was huge interest from the authorities and the people," says Joe Brinkmann, managing director of Jet Demolition. Brinkmann has overseen the implosions of several skyscrapers, including a 108 m tower in Johannesburg in November. But this was Jet's first project in India — and a high-profile one, to boot — and the company could not afford for it to be anything less than very precise. "If it had gone slightly haywire, we would not be sitting here; we would be behind bars," says Uttkarsh Mehta, partner, Edifice.Mehta adds that district administrations and the local police have been wary of signing off on controlled implosions as they involve the use of explosives and there is a risk of threats to life and property. "We had 2,000 police personnel manning the area in Kochi. You can't have that for every implosion," says Jigar Chheda, the other partner at Edifice. The largest of the Kochi complexes was nearly 70 m high — a record for implosion in India — while the tallest structure ever to be demolished using explosives was the JL Hudson building (134 m) in Detroit, US, back in 1998.IIT's Kumar says the Kochi implosions were possible only because the neighbouring constructions were relatively new, engineered buildings. "When the nearby structures are old, the ground vibrations can be severe. Also, I wouldn't recommend it in a densely populated area." There are also concerns about the pollution caused by an implosion, which can have a severe but temporary impact on air quality.As demands for commercial and residential spaces increase in India's major cities, some of the old buildings will have to make way for bigger replacements, and implosions could now be more seriously considered as a way of knocking them down. Similarly, the judiciary could use the Kochi demolitions as an example to order quick razing of illegal structures.

How India's car market is undergoing a rapid change

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When Shubhankar Rawat, 39, bought a Kia Seltos sports utility vehicle in late December, he says it felt like an upgrade. The Korean automaker's first offering on the roads in India was loaded with features thus far unheard of in a mid-segment car. It's loaded with bells and whistles — three screens, including a retractable one, to handle vehicle health, navigation and entertainment duties; cameras and sensors all over; ventilated seats; the works. "It feels like top-end car features at a price point where Merc, BMW and Audi don't even have a product," says Rawat, a Gurgaon-based portfolio manager. The luxury carmakers, of course, have raced ahead on innovation and top-end models boast of voice and gesture controls with almost every part under the hood embedded with sensors, capturing data continuously with help just a touch away.Car companies have long tried to load vehicles with tech. But the level of tech and tech-enabled services in popular models now hitting the roads in India is such that the ecosystem is witnessing a realignment. Telematics, arrays of sensors and 24-hour live assistance mean car companies are having to upskill everyone from salespersons to mechanics, operate call centres and mount aggressive collaborations with tech companies or raise large tech divisions in-house, employing data scientists, software architects and programmers, to meet expectations about in-cabin features. This is spawning new jobs even as it renders parts of the older ecosystem — especially low-tech roadside mechanics — obsolete.Digital Dashboards"The car is becoming complex. It's changing from a mechanical system to a smart, sensor-driven system," says CV Raman, executive director and head of engineering at Maruti Suzuki India. The transformation is segment-agnostic. "We are aspiring to be a digital company," says Manu Saale, MD & CEO at Mercedes-Benz R&D India. 73362439 In December, Mercedes-Benz launched a model with voice and gesture controls. You can ask the car what's the weather at your destination, or if there's an Italian restaurant close by, for instance. The car will not only give the options, but also take you there should you like to go. "What's available in high-end vehicles today will be available in small cars tomorrow," says Ganesh Kalyanaraman, global delivery head for manufacturing, logistics, energy and utilities at Cognizant. 73362444 As core vehicle features such as engine, capacity and comfort have become optimised and harder to base differentiations on, the competition has moved to make cars smarter and more connected, in a bid to make in-cabin experience the edge against competition. This means manufacturers are packing cars with computers and sensors. Apart from monitoring and optimising every aspect of a vehicle's performance, the computers and a mobile internet link also make sure the car is never off the grid. What can't be fixed automatically (like a leak in the coolant pipe or brake pad clogging) results in an alert on the dashboard. Data is stored on on-board computers or transmitted to the cloud where the manufacturer can monitor in case of a call for help. 73362448 "A luxury vehicle has the computing power of 20 PCs (personal computers), and about 100 million lines of code. It has 50-100 CPUs and can process 25 GB of data every hour," says Kalyanaraman. Today's cars are an integration of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), resulting in what's broadly termed as a connected car. 73362459 "A Mercedes has more lines of code than a Boeing Dreamliner 747. There are at least 100 ECUs (engine control units) in a top-of-the-line car," says Saale. Lingraju Sawkar, GM, global technology services, IBM India/South Asia, adds: "Spends (by auto companies) on classic IT are reducing while spends on business IT are increasing." By classic IT, he means traditional solutions such as enterprise resource planning software, emails, etc. IBM partners with a host of carmakers to make them smarter. For example, if the brake pad is good to last another 25,000 km, the sensor should send that alert to the owner's app or the car's screen well in advance to replace it. 73362469 Tech PartnersCarmakers are partnering with hardware and software developers to get that smart edge. Take MG Hector, China's SAIC Motor's first offering in India. It has partnerships with Cisco, Microsoft, SAP, iTeligence, Adobe, Cognizant, Panasonic and TomTom (for maps). Chip makers Infineon Technologies, NXP and Western Digital are eyeing big business from carmakers. Maruti has a core team of 110 staff in IT and also works with partners such as Wipro, Infosys, IBM, NXP and others to develop hardware and software solutions. 73362481 Gaurav Gupta, chief commercial officer, MG Motor India, says, "The Hector comes with over-the-air software update capabilities." That means much like a smartphone, it can upgrade its software via wireless internet connectivity.When Tesla first introduced the feature in 2012, it caused a sensation in the auto industry. Now a car priced upwards of Rs 12 lakh has the same features. 73362492 Among American carmakers, GM introduced the feature only in 2019 and Ford has said its vehicles will get the capability in 2020. Mercedes prefers to do it all in-house at its R&D units in Bengaluru, Sunnyvale in California and at its headquarters in Germany. "It's all too valuable to be outsourced. When it becomes commodity, maybe we will," says Saale. 73362507 Even in features such as in-car navigation, which has been around for a while, there's constant pressure to upgrade. "There's demand for better experiences. Maps, for instance, moved from 2-D to 3-D to now high-definition. Cameras are becoming more intelligent. Topend models can easily use up to 1 TB of storage while a mid-range car will have around 256 GB storage," says Vivek Tyagi, senior director for enterprise sales, India & South Asia, Western Digital, a US-based hard-disk maker and data storage firm.Dashboard as a User InterfaceReal-time data processing has led to increasing on-board storage. While data is moved to the cloud eventually, a lot of data critical to the vehicle's operation is stored on-board to avoid any lag during the exchange over the cloud. "Parts that need to process data real-time can't take a chance and that's pushing the envelope for bigger hard disks within cars," adds Tyagi. 73362517 This has resulted in new design concepts as well. Sanjay Gupta, vicechancellor at World University of Design, a Haryana-based institution, says carmakers are trying to turn the experience in the cabin akin to one that users are familiar with — using a smartphone. "The focus is on making the interface similar to a smartphone operation with features such as easy scrolling and swiping. The dashboard should be able to implement GPS, play music and videos and log data." With the dashboard becoming a user interface, "design focus is on making them flexible unlike earlier when they were fixed", Gupta adds.While the focus of innovation currently revolves around comfort, connectivity and safety, it all started with regulation compliance. Before emission laws came in, it was possible to build a car without a smart sensor. Now even entry-level cars come with at least an engine control module (ECM) to monitor emissions and keep them at acceptable levels."Now this has scaled further to make cars better and create a smartphone kind of experience on wheels. All systems in a car are connected to a CAN or controller area network. CAN sends signals (via alerts on apps or in-car screens) to enable, disable things or even repair/replace them," says Maruti's Raman.More Business for CarmakersEarlier, a customer's relationship with a car dealer rapidly diminished once the car left the showroom. Mechanical parts could be repaired by roadside shops which were usually 30-50 per cent cheaper than authorised service stations, notwithstanding the risk. "Buyers disappeared after the first three free services," says a dealer. Car companies have now changed tack to make sure it is the company the customer calls at the first sign of trouble. Expensive modern cars at any rate cannot be repaired by roadside repair shops. This, the automakers hope, would improve lifetime revenues from a vehicle.This has spawned a new support ecosystem. In December, Bosch started an emergency call service in India for Mercedes-Benz customers. The service is supported by data and call operations centres in Bengaluru and Coimbatore.Bosch, which supports Mercedes globally, declines to share employee numbers but a spokesperson said the current set-up is capable of supporting up to 1 million cars. The call centre responds automated/manual alerts and supports arranging response when needed. Besides help for any engine-related problems, it enables access to 13,500 hospitals and police stations across 27 states and 5 Union territories. The assistance is provided in Hindi and English.Upgrading MechanicsIn 2018, Maruti launched Suzuki Connect, an embedded device that tracks the location and key performance parameters of a vehicle in real time. Information about the car is relayed to the cloud and can be accessed by the company and its dealers. Available in four of its top models, Suzuki Connect at the backend is supported by 10,000 people manning call centres and service stations. "We offer over-the-air software upgrades. And in case you need a mechanic to attend, much like hiring an Uber, you can track their location and the time they will take to respond," says Rajesh Uppal, CIO at Maruti Suzuki India.Suzuki Connect costs Rs 10,000 for a three-year subscription. In the last 12-18 months, 6,500 technicians have been trained to install Suzuki Connect and this could increase to 10,000 in the coming months. MG Motor has partnered with Bajaj Allianz for roadside assistance. The company claims its Pulse Hub call centre, managed internally, will answer queries within 10 seconds. Dearer Cars:All this means buyers are also more for support. Companies take anywhere from Rs 10,000 to Rs 30,000 for up to three years of maintenance. "Earlier when I bought a car I didn't really need to go back to the dealer for expensive repairs as there was always a good option in the neighbourhood which was 30-40 per cent cheaper than the manufacturer. Now that option has gone," says Pooja Mittal, a Delhi-based marketing professional, who sold her 2007 Innova and bought a Hyundai Creta in mid-2019. Mittal is happy with her purchase. "It's an upgrade. Cameras make life easy when parking and reversing. Inside the car I'm connected automatically via Bluetooth, so I don't need to reach out to my phone if it rings or to read messages quickly," she says. However, "the wireless charging pad is not good to charge the iPhone 7 and the location of dashboard screen which show maps and other alerts could be better as I have to take my eyes off the road to look at them".Raman Roy, chairman-cum-managing director of Quatrro BPO Solutions, who drives a Toyota Camry, says: "The roadside fellow has no answer to any problem, barring a flat tyre or replacing a fused bulb. I had a problem with lights and had to take it to the company to fix them as lights were software-driven. You are stuck even for basic things like car lights." The prospects for the ubiquitous roadside garage, therefore, are bleak.Kavan Mukhtyar, partner & leader, automotive, PwC India, believes that by 2025, about one-third of the cost of the car will be accounted for by computers on-from about 10 per cent at present. "Car is becoming a moving computer. Roadside garages will see a dead end unless they become part of a bigger network, aligning with carmakers.Vehicle as a Service (VaaS) will be a new business model and up to 50,000 new jobs will be created in the next three to five years to support the cars." Western Digital's Tyagi sees car companies tying up with local repair garages to deliver services, "much like e-commerce companies partnering with kirana shops for quick delivery".Delete the DataBuyers will have to pay more for service every year and will even sign up for multi-year maintenance contracts. They will have to get used to software upgrades, firewall protection, diagnostics via app and hooking up with call centres for assistance. And buyers are keen, even in the used car market, to get a tech-loaded car. Sunny Kataria, VP, Auto, Olx India, says: "Ownership period of cars has declined from 7 years to 4 years and is expected to touch 3 years in 2020 — almost smartphone kind of replacement cycles. Cars with tech features can fetch 10-12 per cent higher prices than regular cars."While many might be keen to upgrade to new models, the level of data logging means owners must be careful to delete and reboot before selling a tech-loaded car. Much like a smartphone.Future ReadySmarter, connected cars will not only predict what is ahead, but even flySony Vision S 73362554 What happens when consumer electronics giants design cars? We have at least one answer in Sony Vision-S from Sony Corp. The car has 33 sensors, including 12 cameras, three solidstate lidar sensors (to measure distance using laser), and 15 radar and ultrasonic sensors. The combined hardware monitors traffic, road, driver and passengers. The dashboard is a screen that stretches between the pillars. If you don't see Vision-S on the roads in the coming years, you might find all the tech wizardry in cars that use this licensed tech from Sony.Hyundai Uber Flying Car 73362562 South Korean carmaker Hyundai aims to free up road traffic and make people zip across cities. The answer is a flying car, targeted at people in megacities like London and New York who can afford helicopters to get around. The electric flying car will have a range of 100 km per charge and recharge in 5-7 minutes. The plan is to mass produce these 5-seater vehicles and deploy them for Uber's air taxi network. Tests are due in 2020-21 and deployment is likely in 2023.AI-powered Sun Visor 73362573 It is the biggest upgrade of a car part that has barely changed for decades. Bosch has introduced artificial intelligence (AI)-powered sun visor called Virtual Visor. The visor takes the form of a rectangle that swings down from the headliner to block sunlight. It is a transparent LCD screen that uses an occupant-monitoring camera to track shadows across the front passengers' faces. AI then identifies facial features and uses this information to tint only the parts of the visor through which sunlight hits the passenger's eyes, creating a shadow that looks like a robotic Venetian mask. The rest stays transparent. All this for a safer drive.

How Sebi's new margin money rule changed game for brokers

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By DK AggarwalSebi recently aligned margin processes for derivative and cash markets, with the objective of reducing risks in the system. Actually, the markets regulator has come up with many additional rules and mechanisms recently to reduce the risks of misuse of funds and securities, and to safeguard retail investors.Sebi has now restricted stockbrokers from providing additional leverage for intraday trades. With the change in the rule, investors now need to deposit the value at risk margin (VaR), extreme loss margin (ELM), mark-to-market margin (MTM), delivery margin, special/additional margin or any other margin as prescribed by the stock exchanges at the time of placing an order.Meanwhile, a request has been placed with Sebi to segregate between intraday margin and positional margin. Stockbrokers have written to Sebi to allow them to collect margins from their clients after market closing, instead of collecting them upfront at the time of doing the trade. Earlier, margin funding allowed brokerages to keep the unpaid securities in their own account, and in turn, pledge them to NBFCs to raise funds. If data is to be believed, intra-day trading volumes comprise at least 50 per cent of most stockbrokers' daily activity. As the new rule prevents brokerages from offering margin funding, it could adversely impact trading volumes on stock exchanges. The new rule will allow only bigger traders to take bigger positions, as they can afford it, and hence revenues of smaller brokerages are going to get hit. It would lead to an increase in the impact cost or slippages. Besides, participation in the weekly options is going to get limited as traders may be forced to move to monthly options in stocks and indices. Many small stockbrokers will need to limit their business, as they will have to pay a penalty if the initial margins have not been paid for trades carried forward to the next day. However, in the long run, it is expected to help retail traders adopt a disciplined approach and indirectly control speculative activities in the market. Moreover, a sufficiently leveraged system and positions will positively make trading more transparent and increase market participation in a more continuous manner. 73350925 Chairman and MD, SMC Investments and Advisors

Xiaomi India's MD hands over offline retail biz to COO; to focus on new areas

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Xiaomi India's managing director Manu Kumar Jain would play a key role in deciding the Chinese electronic company's entry into newer global markets and product categories, while chief operating officer Muralikrishnan B will helm the offline expansion. The entry into brick and mortar stores was till now spearheaded by Jain. Three senior industry executives said that while Jain will continue in his existing role of India MD, he will allocate disproportionate time to anchor these strategic initiatives and mentor new projects, both for India and global operations. The role shift, announced internally last week, is effective this month.Considered the poster boy of the smartphone industry in the country, Jain is one of the rare Indian executives featuring in the top leadership team of a Chinese company as a global vice president. He is the only expat in the CXO team at Xiaomi Corp.Xiaomi wants to enter new markets and categories banking on the success in India where it overtook deep pocketed and well-entrenched Samsung more than two years ago to become the largest smartphone maker. It also claims leadership in smart televisions in India, a category it entered less than two years ago.Jain will head the expansion of newer categories, such as smart televisions, and expand presence in internet connected devices and home appliances in India. He also handles Xiaomi's operations of Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka from India, which is the SAARC base for the company.Xiaomi has also decided to expand the width of its presence in offline market in India and is seeking to double offline sales this year to strengthen and widen the lead over Samsung and Realme, the executives said.A Xiaomi India spokesperson did not respond to queries.Xiaomi India's director for offline sales Sunil Baby will report to Muralikrishnan. Raghu Reddy, who leads all categories and online sales, will continue in his role. Reddy and Muralikrishnan will report to Jain. The company recently announced it has sold one million devices in the Indian offline market last Friday. Xiaomi currently has an offline presence of more than 2,500 Mi Stores, 75-plus Mi Home and more than 20 Mi Studios. Besides, it also has a presence in more than 7,000 multi-brand stores that operate as preferred partners.

Today Crunch News, News Updates, Tech News

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:49 PM PST

Today Crunch News, News Updates, Tech News


Week in Review: Forget cord cutting, here comes the stream slashing

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 01:45 PM PST

Hey everyone, welcome back to Week in Review where I dive deep into a bit of news from the week or just share some thoughts and go over some of the more interesting stories of the week.

If you’re reading this on the TechCrunch site, you can get this in your inbox here, and follow my tweets here.


The big story

“Cord cutting” might still be a major trend for those walking away from cable subscriptions in favor of online streaming services, but the world of online subscription TV is nearly saturated and as 2020 prepares to inundate us with more services, it’s likely growing time for consumers to stop adding services and start prioritizing.

NBCUniversal delivered some more details this week on its Peacock network and earlier this month we heard more about the mobile-only streaming network Quibi . These launches will come along in the spring, arriving just months after the high-profile launches on Apple TV+ and Disney+. Adding four high-spend streaming platforms in a short time frame could rattle the cages of consumers that have been bumbling along with only a couple streaming service subscriptions.

NBCUniversal’s Peacock seems to walk the line between both worlds, leveraging Comcast subscribers without seeming to invest heavily in original content for the service. Their strategy is pinned on the attractiveness of their existing content library which they’re promoting heavily on both free and paid plans. There could be something here, it feels like a marked return to the early Hulu playbook, which could very well be played out.

I still don’t know what to think of Quibi. They are dropping plenty of cash but spending your way into building a Gen Z network seems like a tall order. They’ve already nabbed a big partnership with T Mobile which seems promising when considering their broader industry adoption and yet it still seems like Snapchat Discover Prime. I’ll withhold judgment until launch but other mobile-first video networks have had less than stellar receptions.

Side note: At this point in the streaming video product life cycle, I would imagine cracking down on password-sharing is going to start being a more attractive option for streaming service operators.

We’ll see how this all shakes out, but it’s getting crowded.

Trends of the week

Here are a few big news items from big companies, with green links to all the sweet, sweet added context:

  • Visa buys Plaid for $5.2 billion
    The biggest acquisition of the week was the very bold purchase of Plaid by Visa. Visa paid up double the banking API startup’s last private valuation. Read more here.
  • Google acquires Pointy
    Google has announced a couple deals in the past few weeks. This week, we heard that they had acquired the Dublin startup Pointy, which builds hardware and software to help physical retailers track product inventory levels. Read more about it in our coverage.
  • Alphabet is a $1 trillion company
    In the current age of big tech, there’s an elite club for public companies worth more than $1 trillion in market cap. This week, Alphabet joined its ranks. Read more here.

Extra Crunch

Our premium subscription business had another great week of content. My colleague Darrell Etherington talked a bit about the next frontier of early-stage space investments.

Space Angels' Chad Anderson on entering a new decade in the 'entrepreneurial space age'

“Space as an investment target is trending upwards in the VC community, but specialist firm Space Angels has been focused on the sector longer than most. The network of angel investors just published its most recent quarterly overview of activity in the space startup industry, revealing that investors put nearly $6 billion in capital into space companies across 2019.…”

Sign up for more newsletters, including my colleague Darrell Etherington’s new space-focused newsletter Max Q, here.

Taiwan’s entrepreneurs move forward after tense presidential election

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 11:39 AM PST

Last Saturday, Taiwanese voters re-elected President Tsai Ing-wen to her second term after an election that split the country among generational and ideological lines. A crucial issue were the differences in how Tsai, a member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and her main opponent, Han Kuo-yu of the Kuomintang (KMT), approach Taiwan's fraught relationship with China.

Despite the highly polarizing run-up to the election, however, both the DPP and KMT have taken measures to foster entrepreneurship in Taiwan. Now that Tsai has won, many investors don't expect a dramatic impact, but instead are keeping an eye on how policies put in motion by both parties will play out. They are also looking for political allies who understand the startup ecosystem in Taiwan, which is often overshadowed by large hardware OEMs and semiconductor companies.

Policy

Joseph Huang, an investment partner at Infinity Ventures, has worked with both the DPP and KMT as limited partners, and says "from our side, they are always asking for how to create more awareness of Taiwan startups, how do we help them with institutions, how do we help them more?"

Original Content podcast: Netflix goes to the Oscars

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:59 AM PST

When this year’s Academy Award nominations were announced on Monday, Netflix received 24 nominations — the most of any Hollywood studio.

That’s thanks in large part to “The Irishman,” which received 10 nominations, and “Marriage Story,” which received six (both films were nominated for Best Picture). As a result, Darrell finally watched Martin Scorsese’s three-and-a-half hour gangster epic — and he wasn’t impressed by the results.

He explains why on the latest episode of the Original Content podcast, in we discuss our reactions to the nominations, including the eyebrow-raising 11 nods for “Joker.” This leads to a broader discussion of why the nominations were so disappointing from a diversity perspective, and what exactly we want from awards like the Oscars anyway.

In addition, we recap the latest details about NBCUniversal’s upcoming streaming service Peacock, and Jordan offers a spoiler-y review of the second season of Netflix’s “You.”

You can listen in the player below, subscribe using Apple Podcasts or find us in your podcast player of choice. If you like the show, please let us know by leaving a review on Apple. You can also send us feedback directly. (Or suggest shows and movies for us to review!)

And if you’d like to skip ahead, here’s how the episode breaks down:
0:00 Intro
1:01 Peacock discussion
14:21 Oscars discussion
53:17 “You” season 2 spoiler review

Startups Weekly: Plaid’s $5.3B acquisition is a textbook Silicon Valley win

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 09:30 AM PST

Hi everyone, my name is Eric Eldon and I’m the new writer of the Startups Weekly newsletter. 

I'll be picking my favorite explicitly startup-focused articles of the week for you from Extra Crunch (where I'm the editor now), as well as TechCrunch (where I was the co-editor years ago… long story). 

Some people tell us that TechCrunch doesn’t cover startups like it used to. I don't know if that is true, but it is definitely hard to keep track of our startup coverage mixed in with the rest of our news.

This newsletter will highlight the best startup coverage on TechCrunch and Extra Crunch to help fix that.

I probably hate reading bad startup advice and analysis even more than you do, and not only because I've had to read a lot of it over the years as an editor. I've also started a few companies myself, and I've had the chance to experience exits, failures and venture backing.

I'll be highlighting articles that I think address something significant about building a company, and I'll tell you why each one is worth a read. 

There will also be some experiments. Thanks for reading! And if you want it in your inbox, you can subscribe here

Everybody loves Plaid

Plaid's product is beyond boring to most people, but it is already a name brand to its enterprise users and across the greater startup world, as its stats and funding rounds have grown. The $5.3 billion outcome announced this week cements its status as a top SaaS/fintech startup story of this era, in addition to being a popular platform for developers who need to sync user payment data.

Alex Wilhelm was all over the news. He dug into Visa's presentation explaining the purchase on Extra Crunch — it paid more than twice Plaid’s last valuation — and found the classic tale of a large, slow-moving incumbent strategically buying a hot younger company in order to grow into newer markets. Then he got comments for Extra Crunch from a range of analysts… who basically said the same thing. 

You can now tune into the latest TechCrunch Equity episode to hear him talk about it with our resident former VC Danny Crichton.

Atrium gets out of the human law firm business

Closely watched Atrium is shutting down the law firm to focus on the tech company. Founder Justin Kan tells Josh Constine on TechCrunch that this is part of the evolution toward providing a better tech service.

The law firm had been designed to provide the human touch in a way that machines couldn't, but Kan says that lawyers do that great as third parties.

Many SaaS startups are trying to take on the back office processes of the 20th century. Atrium’s change will be another reason for them to go all-in on software, with humans not included.

brooke hammerling

PR expert says maybe don't do PR right now

One of the most loved and feared people in tech communications today, Brooke Hammerling has been in the middle of key stories of the decade with founders young and old. And sometimes on the opposite side of me.

 She knows her stuff. Here's one of my favorite gems from the full interview with Jordan Crook over on Extra Crunch:

If you're an early-stage company, and you're an unknown founder, and you're coming out with your own take on something, you don't want to spend your money on PR too early.

You want to spend that money on product development and engagement and engineering and so forth.

Big funds do the small funding rounds now

That's the word on the street from our resident former VC, who was recently out in San Francisco visiting his many friends and professional acquaintances. Danny put his notes together for TechCrunch back in the comfort of his New York apartment, and found that everyone is raising huge rounds [emphasis his] — and it's all about being there for the future. Plaid’s cap table is a good example.

One of my favorite quotes:

As one VC explained to me last week (paraphrasing), "What's weird today is that you have firms like Sequoia who show up for seed rounds, but they don't really care about … anything. Valuation, terms, etc. It's all a play for those later-stage rounds." I think that's a bit of an exaggeration to be clear, but ultimately, those one million-dollar checks are essentially a rounding error for the largest funds. The real return is in the mega rounds down the road. 

He also noticed for TechCrunch that VCs today seem to be especially tired. You can tell him what you think about these observations at danny@techcrunch.com.

(Photo by David Becker/Getty Images)

Home robots are making moves at CES

I have never been to CES and don't plan to go, but Brian Heater always goes and this year he came back thinking that the home robot sector is getting serious.

His takeaway for Extra Crunch: 

There's a cynical (and probably at least partially correct) view that these sorts of deals are publicity stunts — big companies using CES to demonstrate how forward-thinking they are about new technologies. But there's something to be said for the show's position at the forefront of such technologies. The products are real, even if wider use is hypothetical. And in an era when Amazon has deployed more than 100,000 robots across its U.S. fulfillment centers to enable next and same-day delivery, we're well into the realm of real-world use.

Brian is also hosting a one-day TechCrunch conference focused on robotics startups at UC Berkeley in early March, for those who are focused on this space. The event last year was a huge hit and we’re looking forward to the next one. Follow the link to learn more. 

Will Silicon Valley win at weed?

Eaze has been one of the highest-profile cannabis distributors, but now it might be running out of cash, report Ingrid Owen and Josh Constine. There are many structural reasons why any cannabis business is very hard, legal or otherwise. 

But it's interesting to take a look at who is succeeding in the consumer cannabis market and why.

One local example is Berner, a high school dropout in San Francisco who became a budtender and partnered with cannabis geneticists to create and promote the Girl Scout Cookies strain, and also became an international rap star (the main topic is his weed) and clothing designer.  

These days, he's opening more and more Cookies retail cannabis outlets, including in Oakland and L.A., and cutting licensing and certification deals with a broad network of partners, (and claims to be turning down huge acquisition offers). Basically, his cannabis is also his modern multi-platform brand and the cool kids are into it. He does not appear to be running out of cash.

The last radio station

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 08:35 AM PST

North of Silicon Valley, protected by the Point Reyes National Seashore, is the only operational ship-to-shore maritime radio station. Bearing the call sign KPH, the Point Reyes Station is the last of its kind.

KPH is divided between two physical stations: one, knows as the voice, is responsible for transmitting; the other half of the station, known as the ears, was where human operators listened for incoming messages. The voice is located 11 miles north of Point Reyes in the small town of Bolinas, Calif., and the ears reside within the Point Reyes National Seashore boundary nestled in pastures full of cattle and backdropped by the Pacific Ocean.

Stations like this once riddled the California coastline as part of a radio communication network. The operators who ran them were charged with watching over the Pacific Ocean airways, relaying messages to the sailors at sea.

“These guys and women were the best there were, and they had to be,” says Richard Dillman, chief operator at the Maritime Radio Historical Society. “On the ships, you could get away with anything. You could send slow, you could send fast, you could send like you were drunk, you could send like you are beating two spoons together. At the shore side, you had to be able to say, ‘fine, I got it, you can send fast, no problem. Send slow, I’llwait. Send like you are drunk, I can understand you.’ Because every word is revenue for the company because you were charging by the word.”

Dillman, who was never an employee of KPH, but rather a self-described “groupee and radio-obsessed person,” says the operators had to adapt to anything. “They were the best there were. They are our heroes and heroines.” 

But once satellite communication became cheaper than paying radio operators, telegraphy became obsolete, and the network of radio stations became all but lost, as they were abandoned, sold and scavenged for parts. 

Marin County Congressman Clem Miller saved KPH from this fate by writing and introducing the bill for the establishment of Point Reyes National Seashore. The bill preserved the land from development after operations ended. 

Historical Photo of KPH

A telegraphic timeline

The communications industry in the U.S. has seen several waves of disruption. The first significant innovation was sending a message by transmitting electrical signals over a wire.

In 1843, Samuel Morse, the father of Morse code, received funding from Congress to set up and test his new communication wire from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore. Upon completion, he sent the first official telegraph saying, "What hath God wrought." What it wrought was money.

Morse received enough funding to string wire across an unsettled American landscape. From 1843 to 1900, wired telegraphy reigned until a new technology disrupted the communication monopoly of Western Union. 

On June 2, 1896, Guglielmo Marconi patented a system of wireless telegraphy that would utilize radio waves to transmit Morse's dits and dahs, making wired communication seem infrastructure-heavy. Plus, wireless telegraphy made maritime and transcontinental communication a lot more simple.

For almost 100 years, Morse code was used to communicate with ships at sea. By 1999 the industry had switched over to the cheaper and more efficient satellite communication systems.

The Point Reyes KPH station ended operations on June 30, 1997. The last day of U.S. commercial use of Morse code was July 12, 1999. The final message sent was the same as Morse’s first: "What hath God wrought." 

KPH Point Rayes Station

‘This was the end’

"It's just beeps in the air," says Dillman. “That is all Morse code is. And yet it was so impactful and emotional to these people," he says about the operators and sailors he was with during the last day of Morse. "Because here they are seeing their career, their way of life, their skills disappearing. This was the end of the line. It used to be that you could take your license and telegraph key and move onto the next station, get a job, no problem. This was the end."

After the last day of Morse in 1999, two years after KPH shut down, Richard and a few other radiomen drove up to the shuttered KPH station to assess how harsh the elements had been in the two years since it closed.

"Here it was, our life’s work, just handed to us,” Dillman says. “Because here are the ears, in Point Reyes, still living. The voice in Bolinas — dark and cold, but existing. So all we had to do was convince the park service that [restoring the station] was worth doing, and we were the guys to do it. And we are still amazed that they bought our story, and we have not turned back." 

Dillman and the rest of the radio squirrels that hang around KPH can be found every Sunday and more than welcome visitors.

LaunchDarkly CEO Edith Harbaugh explains why her company raised another $54M

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 08:30 AM PST

This week, LaunchDarkly announced that it has raised another $54 million. Led by Bessemer Venture Partners and backed by the company’s existing investors, it brings the company’s total funding up to $130 million.

For the unfamiliar, LaunchDarkly builds a platform that allows companies to easily roll out new features to only certain customers, providing a dashboard for things like “canary launches” (pushing new stuff to a small group of users to make sure nothing breaks) or launching a feature only in select countries or territories. By productizing an increasingly popular development concept (“feature flagging”) and making it easier to toggle new stuff across different platforms and languages, the company is quickly finding customers in companies that would rather not spend time rolling their own solutions.

I spoke with CEO and co-founder Edith Harbaugh, who filled me in on where the idea for LaunchDarkly came from, how their product is being embraced by product managers and marketing teams and the company’s plans to expand with offices around the world. Here’s our chat, edited lightly for brevity and clarity.

Compound’s Mike Dempsey on virtual influencers and AI characters

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 08:27 AM PST

In films, TV shows and books — and even in video games where characters are designed to respond to user behavior — we don’t perceive characters as beings with whom we can establish two-way relationships. But that’s poised to change, at least in some use cases.

Interactive characters — fictional, virtual personas capable of personalized interactions — are defining new territory in entertainment. In my guide to the concept of "virtual beings," I outlined two categories of these characters:

  • virtual influencers: fictional characters with real-world social media accounts who build and engage with a mass following of fans.
  • virtual companions: AIs oriented toward one-to-one relationships, much like the tech depicted in the films “Her” and “Ex Machina.” They are personalized enough to engage us in entertaining discussions and respond to our behavior (in the physical world or within games) like a human would.

Part 1 of 3: the investor perspective

In a series of three interviews, I’m exploring the startup opportunities in both of these spaces in greater depth. First, Michael Dempsey, a partner at VC firm Compound who has blogged extensively about digital characters, avatars and animation, offers his perspective as an investor hunting for startup opportunities within these spaces.

Microsoft says it will fix an Internet Explorer security bug under active attack

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 07:35 AM PST

Microsoft has confirmed a security flaw affecting Internet Explorer is currently being used by hackers, but that it has no immediate plans to fix.

In a late-evening tweet, US-CERT, the division of Homeland Security tasked with reporting on major security flaws, tweeted a link to a security advisory detailing the bug, describing it as “being exploited in the wild.”

Microsoft said all supported versions of Windows are affected by the flaw, including Windows 7, which after this week no longer receives security updates.

The vulnerability was found in how Internet Explorer handles memory. An attacker could use the flaw to remotely run malicious code on an affected computer, such as tricking a user into opening a malicious website from a search query or a link sent by email.

It’s believed to be a similar vulnerability as one disclosed by Mozilla, the maker of the Firefox browser, earlier this week. Both Microsoft and Mozilla credited Qihoo 360, a China-based security research team, with finding flaws under active attack. Earlier in the week, Qihoo 360 reportedly deleted a tweet referencing a similar flaw in Internet Explorer.

Neither Qihoo, Microsoft, nor Mozilla said how attackers were exploiting the bug, who the attackers were, or who was being targeted. The U.S. government’s cybersecurity advisory unit also issued a warning about current exploitation.

Microsoft told TechCrunch that it was was “aware of limited targeted attacks” and was “working on a fix,” but that it was unlikely to release a patch until its next round of monthly security fixes — scheduled for February 11.

Microsoft assigned the bug with a common vulnerability identifier, CVE-2020-0674, but specific details of the bug have yet to be released.

When reached, a Microsoft spokesperson did not comment.

Instagram drops IGTV button, but only 1% downloaded the app

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 07:35 AM PST

At most, 7 million of Instagram’s 1 billion-plus users have downloaded its standalone IGTV app in the 18 months since launch. And now, Instagram’s main app is removing the annoying orange IGTV button from its home page in what feels like an admission of lackluster results. For reference, TikTok received 1.15 billion downloads in the same period since IGTV launched in June 2018. In just the US, TikTok received 80.5 million downloads compared to IGTV’s 1.1 million since then, according to research commissioned by TechCrunch from Sensor Tower.

To be fair, TikTok has spent huge sums on install ads. But while long-form mobile video might gain steam as the years progress, Instagram hasn't seemed to crack the code yet.

“As we've continued to work on making it easier for people to create and discover IGTV content, we've learned that most people are finding IGTV content through previews in Feed, the IGTV channel in Explore, creators' profiles and the standalone app. Very few are clicking into the IGTV icon in the top right corner of the home screen in the Instagram app” a Facebook company spokesperson tells TechCrunch. “We always aim to keep Instagram as simple as possible, so we're removing this icon based on these learnings and feedback from our community.”

Instagram users don’t need the separate IGTV app to watch longer videos, as the IGTV experience is embedded in the main app and can be accessed via in-feed teasers, a tab of the Explore page, promo stickers in Stories, and profile tabs. Still, the fact that it wasn’t an appealing enough destination to warrant a home page button shows IGTV hasn’t become a staple like past Instagram launches including video, Stories, augmented reality filters, or Close Friends.

One thing still missing is an open way for Instagram creators to earn money directly from their IGTV videos. Users can’t get an ad revenue share like with YouTube or Facebook Watch. They also can’t receive tips or sell exclusive content subscriptions like on Facebook, Twitch, or Patreon.

The only financial support Facebook and Instagram have offered IGTV creators is reimbursement for production costs for a few celebrities. Those contracts also require creators to avoid making content related to politics, social issues, or elections, according to Bloomberg‘s Lucas Shaw and Sarah Frier.

"In the last few years we've offset small production costs for video creators on our platforms and have put certain guidelines in place," a Facebook spokesperson told Bloomberg. "We believe there's a fundamental difference between allowing political and issue-based content on our platform and funding it ourselves.” That seems somewhat hypocritical given Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s criticism of Chinese app TikTok over censorship of political content.

Now users need to tap the IGTV tab inside Instagram Explore to view long-form videoAnother thing absent from IGTV? Large view counts. The first 20 IGTV videos I saw today in its Popular feed all had fewer than 200,000 views. BabyAriel, a creator with nearly 10 million Instagram followers that the company touted as a top IGTV creator has only post 20 of the longer videos to date with only one receiving over 500,000 views.

When the lack of monetization is combined with less than stellar view counts compared to YouTube and TikTok, it’s understandable why some creators might be hesistant to dedicate time to IGTV. Without their content keeping the feature reliably interesting, it’s no surprise users aren’t voluntarily diving in from the home page.

In another sign that Instagram is folding IGTV deeper into its app rather than providing it more breathing room of its own, and that it’s eager for more content, you can now opt to post IGTV videos right from the main Instagram feed post video uploader. AdWeek Social Pro reported this new “long video” upload option yesterday. A Facebook company spokesperson tells me “We want to keep our video upload process as simple as possible” and that “Our goal is to create a central place for video uploads”.

 

IGTV launched with a zealotish devotion to long-form vertical video despite the fact that little high quality content of this nature was being produced. Landscape orientation is helpful for longer clips that often require establishing shots and fitting multiple people on screen, while vertical was better for quick selfie monologues.

Yet Instagram co-founder Kevin Systrom described IGTV to me in August 2018, declaring that "What I'm most proud of is that Instagram took a stand and tried a brand new thing that is frankly hard to pull off. Full-screen vertical video that's mobile only. That doesn't exist anywhere else."

Now it doesn’t exist on Instagram at all since May 2019 when IGTV retreated from its orthodoxy and began allowing landscape content. I’d recommended it do that from the beginning, or at least offer a cropping tool for helping users turn their landscape videos into coherent vertical ones, but nothing’s been launched there either.

If Instagram still cares about IGTV, it needs to attract more must-see videos by helping creators get paid for their art. Or it needs to pour investment into buying high quality programming like Snapchat Discover’s Shows. If Instagram doesn’t care, it should divert development resources to it’s TikTok clone Reels that actually looks very well made and has a shot at stealing market share in the remixable social entertainment space.

For a company that’s won by betting big and moving fast, IGTV feels half-baked and sluggish. That might have been alright when Snapchat was shrinking and TikTok was still Musically, but Instagram is heading into an era of much stiffer competition. Quibi and more want to consume multi-minute spans of video viewing on mobile, and the space could grow as adults familiarize with the format. But offering the platform isn't enough for Instagram. It needs to actively assist creators with finding what content works, and how to earn sustainable wages marking it.

This Week in Apps: App trends from 2019, Pinterest tops Snapchat, Disney+ hits No. 1 in Q4

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 07:30 AM PST

Welcome back to This Week in Apps, the Extra Crunch series that recaps the latest OS news, the applications they support and the money that flows through it all.

The app industry is as hot as ever with a record 204 billion downloads in 2019 and $120 billion in consumer spending in 2019, according to App Annie’s recently released “State of Mobile” annual report. People are now spending 3 hours and 40 minutes per day using apps, rivaling TV. Apps aren’t just a way to pass idle hours — they’re a big business. In 2019, mobile-first companies had a combined $544 billion valuation, 6.5x higher than those without a mobile focus.

In this Extra Crunch series, we help you to keep up with the latest news from the world of apps, delivered on a weekly basis.

This week, we dig into App Annie’s new “State of Mobile 2019” report and other app trends. We’re also seeing big gains for TikTok in 2019 and Disney+ in Q4. Both Apple and Google announced acquisitions this week that have implications for the mobile industry, as well.

Amazon partners with thousands of mom-and-pop stores in India

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 02:33 AM PST

Neighborhood stores dot tens of thousands of cities, towns and villages in India. They have survived — and thrived, despite — retail giants' billions of investment in the country. Now, Amazon is beginning to embrace them.

Amazon said on Saturday it has partnered with thousands of neighborhood stores — locally known as kirana stores — across India to use them to store and deliver goods.

The company said it's a win-win scenario for all stakeholders. "It's good for customers, and it helps the shop owners earn additional income," tweeted Amazon founder and chief executive Jeff Bezos .

Amazon, which piloted the program dubbed “I have Space” years ago, has partnered with more than 20,000 kirana stores, the company said.

“Today, we have thousands of retail outlets partnering with us under this program. The network of 'I Have Space' partners is spread across Tier 1, 2 and 3 cities – and beyond,” the company told TechCrunch.

Bezos' announcement today, as he concludes his fourth India trip, underscores just how vital neighborhood stores remain for shoppers in the country despite the world’s largest e-commerce giant’s major push into the country and an emergence of heavily backed ecosystem of shopping startups.

These mom-and-pop stores offer all kinds of items, pay low wages and little to no rent. Since they are ubiquitous (there are more than 10 million neighborhood stores in India, according to industry estimates), no retail giant can offer a faster delivery. And on top of that, their economics is often better than most. E-commerce is still at an early stage in India, accounting for just 3% of total retail sales, according to industry estimates.

Walmart -owned Flipkart has also arrived at the same conclusion. Last month, it invested $30 million in four-year-old Bangalore-based startup ShadowFax, which works with neighborhood stores in 300 cities to use their real estate to store inventory, and utilize their large network of freelancers for the delivery.

Amazon also maintains a program called Amazon Easy in India, as part of which it trains shopkeepers to guide first time internet users shop online.

Any alliance with neighborhood stores would come in handy to Amazon India and Flipkart as a new contender readies its e-commerce play. India's richest man Mukesh Ambani late last month started signing up customers for a soft launch of JioMart in suburban Mumbai.

JioMart is a joint venture between Ambani's Reliance Jio, which reshaped the country's telecom market with ultra-cheap mobile data, and his Reliance Retail, the nation's largest retail chain with over 10,000 outlets in 6,500 Indian cities and towns.

The new venture is courting shopkeepers in many parts of India to use a handheld Jio terminal to help them better manage their inventory and order new stock from Reliance's network of wholesalers. (Amazon, on its part, is slowly deepening its partnership with Future Retail, the second largest retailer in India.)

"Jio and Reliance Retail will launch a unique new commerce platform to empower and enrich our 12 lakh (1.2 million) small retailers and shopkeepers in Gujarat," Ambani said last year.

Today's announcement caps what could easily be one of the most remarkable weeks for Amazon in India, a market it entered six and a half years ago. Earlier this week, India's anti-trust watchdog announced a probe into alleged predatory practices by Amazon India and Flipkart.

It was followed by Bezos' arrival in India. At an event in New Delhi, he announced the company was investing a fresh $1 billion to its India operations and said it would work to help millions of small merchants come online for the first time. (This is on top of $5.5 billion the company has previously committed to its India business.)

Not far from the event venue, dozens of merchants assembled to protest the alleged anticompetitive practices of Amazon and Flipkart. On top of that, India's trade minister Piyush Goyal chimed in on Amazon's new investment to India, and said the investment was not a big favor to the nation. A day later, he backtracked on his comment.

On Friday, Amazon said it would create a million jobs in India by 2025, and ran a letter signed by Bezos on Amazon India website and app. Bezos had also sought to meet with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi — a request that was not fulfilled.

Deep tech VCs on what they view as some of the most impactful young startups right now

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 09:58 PM PST

During this week’s Democratic debate, there was a lot of talk, unsurprisingly, about ensuring the future of this country’s children and grandchildren. Climate change was of particular interest to billionaire Tom Steyer, who said repeatedly that addressing it would be his top priority were he elected U.S. president.

As it happens, earlier the same day, we’d spent time on the phone with two venture capitalists who think of almost nothing else every day. The reason: they both invest in so-called deep tech, and they meet routinely with startups whose central focus is on making the world habitable for generations of people to come — as well as trying to produce outsize financial returns, of course.

The two VCs with whom we talked know each other well. Siraj Khaliq is a partner at the global venture firm Atomico, where he tries to find world-changing startups that are enabled by machine learning, AI, and computer vision. He has strong experience in the area, having cofounded The Climate Corporation back in 2006, a company that helps farmers optimize crop yield and that was acquired by Monsanto in 2013 for roughly $1 billion.

Seth Bannon is meanwhile a founding partner of Fifty Years, a nearly five-year-old, San Francisco-based seed-stage fund whose stated ambition is backing founders who want to solve the world’s biggest problems. The investors’ interests overlap so much that Khaliq is also one of Fifty Years’s investors.

From both, we wanted to know which companies or trends are capturing their imagination and, in some cases, their investment dollars. Following are excerpts from our extended conversation earlier this week. (We thought it was interesting; hopefully you will, too.)

TC: Seth, how would you describe what you’re looking to fund at your firm?

SB: There’s a Winston Churchill essay [penned nearly 100 years ago] called “Fifty Years Hence” that describes what we do. He predicts genomic engineering, synthetic biology, growing meat without animals, nuclear power, satellite telephony.  Churchill also notes that because tech changes so quickly that it’s important that technologists take a principled approach to their work. [Inspired by him] we’re backing founders who can make a ton of money while doing good and focusing on health, disease, the climate crisis . . .

TC: What does that mean exactly? Are you investing in software?

SB: We’re not so enthusiastic about pure software because it’s been so abstracted away that it’s become a commodity. High school students can now build an app, which is great, but it also means that competitive pressures are very high. There are a thousand funds focused on software seed investing. Fortunately, you can now launch a synthetic biology startup with seed funding, and that wasn’t possible 10 years ago. There are a lot of infrastructural advancements happening that makes [deep tech investing even with smaller checks] interesting.

TC: Siraj, you also invest exclusively on frontier, or deep tech, at Atomico . What’s your approach to funding startups?

SK: We do Series A [deals] onward and don’t do seed stage. We primarily focus on Europe. But there’s lot of common thinking between us and Seth. As a fund, we’re looking for big problems that change the world, sometimes at companies that won’t necessarily be big in five years but if you look out 10 years could be necessary for humanity. So we’re trying to anticipate all of these big trends and focus on three or four theses a year and talk as much as we can with academics and other experts to understand what’s going on. Founders then know we have an informed view.

Last year, we focused on synthetic biology, which is a becoming so broad a category that it’s time to start subdividing it. We were also doing AI-based drug discovery and quantum computing and we started to spend some time on energy as well. We also [continued an earlier focus on ] the future of manufacturing and industry. We see a number of trends that make [the latter] attractive, especially in Europe where manufacturing hasn’t yet been digitized.

TC: Seth, you mentioned synthetic biology infrastructure. Can you elaborate on what you’re seeing that’s interesting on this front?

SB: You’ve maybe heard of directed evolution, technology that allows biologists to use the power of evolution to get microbes or other biological machines to do what they want them to do that would have been impossible before. [Editor’s note: here, Bannon talks a bit about Frances Arnold, the Nobel Prize-winning chemist who was awarded the honor in 2018 for developing the technique.]

So we’re excited to back [related] startups. One, Solugen, enzymatically makes industrial chemicals [by combining genetically modified enzymes with organic compounds, like plant sugars]. Hydrogen peroxide is a $6 billion dollar industry, and it’s currently made through a petroleum-based process in seven-football-field-long production plants that sometimes explode and kill people.

TC: Is this then akin to Zymergen, which develops molecules in order to create unique specialty materials?

SB: Zymergen mainly works as a kind of consultant to help companies engineer strains that they want. Solugen is a vertically integrated chemicals company, so it [creates its formulations], then sells directly into industry.

TC: How does this relate to new architectures?

SB: The way to think about it is that there’s a bunch of application-level companies, but as synthetic biology companies start to take off, there’s a bunch of emerging infrastructure layer companies. One of these is Ansa Biotechnologies, which has a fully enzymatic process for writing DNA. Like Twist, which went public, they make DNA to sell to customers in the biotech industry. But whereas Twist is using a chemical process to make DNA, Ansa’s approach is fully enzymatic. [Editor’s note: More on the competition in this emerging space here.]

Also, if you look at plant-based alternatives to meat, they’re more sustainable but also far more expensive than traditional beef. Why is that? Well plant-based chicken is more expensive because the processing infrastructure being used is more than 10 years behind real chicken processing, where you’ll see robot arms that cut up chicken so efficiently that it looks like a Tesla factory.

[Alternative meat] companies are basically using these extruders built in the ’70s because the industry has been so small, and that’s because there’s been a lot of skepticism from the investment community in these companies. Or there was. The performance of Beyond Meat’s IPO ended it. Now there’s a rush of founders and dollars into that space, and whenever you have a space where the core infrastructure has been neglected, there’s opportunity. A former mechanical engineer with Boeing has started a company, Rebellyous Foods, to basically build the AWS for the plant-based food industry, for example. She’s using [the machines she’s building] to sell plant-based chicken nuggets, [but that’s the longer-term plan].

TC: Siraj, you say last year you started to spend time on energy. What’s interesting to you as it relates to energy?

SK: There’s been some improvement in how we capture emissions, but [carbon emissions] are still very deleterious to our health and the planet’s health, and there are a few areas to think about [to address the problem]. Helping people measure and control their consumption is one approach, but also we think about how to produce new energy, which is a shift we [meaning mankind] need to undertake. The challenge [in making that shift] is often [capital expenditures]. It’s hard for venture investors to back companies that are [building nuclear reactors], which makes government grants the best choice for early innovation oftentimes. There is one company, Seaborg, that has figured out a clever reactor. It’s not a portfolio company but it’s [compelling].

SB: We also really like what Seaborg is doing. These [fourth generation] nuclear companies have a whole host of approaches that allow for smaller, safer reactors that you wouldn’t mind having in your backyard. But Siraj put his finger on it: as an early-stage deep tech investor, we have to consider the capital plan of a company, and if it needs to raise billions of dollars, early investors will get really diluted, so early-stage venture just isn’t the best fit.

TC: There are other areas you like, though, because costs have fallen so much.

SB: Yes. Satellite telephony used to be one of those areas. Some of the satellites in space right now cost $350 million [to launch] and took three to four years to build, which would be really hard for any early-stage investor to fund. But now, a new generation of companies is building satellites for one-tenth of the cost in months, not years. That’s a game changer. They can iterate faster. They can build a better product. They don’t have to raise equity to build and launch either; they can raise from a debt financier [from whom they can] borrow money and pay it back over time. That model isn’t available to a company like Uber or Lyft, because those companies can’t say, ‘X is going to cost us Y dollars and it will pay back Z over time.’

TC: What of concerns that all these cheap satellites are going to clog up the sky pretty quickly?

SB: It’s a real concern. Most [of today’s satellites] are low earth satellites, and the closer to the earth they are, the brighter they are; they reflect the sun more, the more satellites we’re seeing instead of stars. I do think it’s incumbent on all of these companies to think about how they are contributing to the future of humanity. But when you connect the unconnected, educational outcomes improve, health improves, inequality decreases, and the stability of governments improves, so maybe the developed world needs to sacrifice a bit. I think that’s a reasonable tradeoff. If on the other hand, we’re putting up satellites to help people buy more crap . . .

TC: It’s like the argument for self-driving cars in a way. Life becomes more efficient, but they’ll require far more energy generation, for example. There are always second-order consequences.

SK: But think of how many people are killed in driving accidents, versus terrorist attacks. Humans have many great qualities, but being able to drive a lethal machine consistently isn’t one of them. So when we take that into perspective, it’s really important that we build autonomous vehicles.

You [voice] a legitimate concern, and often when there are step changes, there are discontinuities along the way that lead to side effects that aren’t great. That comes down to several things. First, infrastructure will have to keep up. We’ll also have to create regulations that don’t lead to the worst outcomes. One our investments, Lilium in Munich, has built an entirely electric air taxi service that’s built on vertical takeoff. It’s nimble. It’s quiet enough to operate in city environments.

On roads, cars are constrained by 2D terrain and buildings, but [in the air] if you can do dynamic air traffic control, it opens up far much efficient transport. If you can get from downtown London to Heathrow [airport] in five minutes versus 50 minutes in a Tesla? That’s far more energy efficient.

54 names on first list: Cong makes changes to 42 seats, hopes fresh faces revive fortunes

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:47 PM PST

54 names on first list: Cong makes changes to 42 seats, hopes fresh faces revive fortunes


Source: TIE

Man kills wife & two kids, hangs self: Lucknow Police

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:47 PM PST

Man kills wife & two kids, hangs self: Lucknow Police


Source: TIE

telugu news headlines telugu news hunt

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:45 PM PST

telugu news headlines telugu news hunt


సరిలేరు నీకెవ్వరు ఫస్ట్ వీక్ వసూళ్లు

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:31 AM PST

మహేష్ హీరోగా నటించిన సరిలేరు నీకెవ్వరు సినిమా నిన్నటితో ఫస్ట్ వీక్ పూర్తి చేసుకుంది. ఈ 7 రోజుల్లో ఈ సినిమా ప్రపంచవ్యాప్తంగా 100 కోట్ల రూపాయల షేర్ సాధించినట్టు మేకర్స్ ప్రకటించారు. ఆశ్చర్యకరంగా రాత్రి జరిగిన సక్సెస్ సంబరాల్లోనే ఈ పోస్టర్ ను విడుదల చేశారు. నిజానికి లెక్కలన్నీ తేలడానికి కాస్త టైమ్ పడుతుంది. కానీ 7వ రోజు రన్ పూర్తికాకుండా వంద కోట్ల షేర్ అంటూ పోస్టర్ రిలీజ్ చేశారు. ఈ సంగతి పక్కనపెడితే.. […]

వైసీపీ ఎమ్మెల్యేలకు లోకేష్‌ హెచ్చరిక

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:24 AM PST

అమరావతి కోసం ఉండవల్లిలో జేఏసీ ఆధ్వర్యంలో ప్రజాబ్యాలెట్‌ ను నిర్వహించారు. ఈ కార్యక్రమంలో పాల్గొన్న నారా లోకేష్‌… గుంటూరు, కృష్ణా జిల్లాల వైసీపీ ప్రజాప్రతినిధులకు హెచ్చరిక జారీ చేశారు. అమరావతి కోసం వెంటనే ఎమ్మెల్యే పదవులకు రాజీనామా చేసి పోరాటంలో పాల్గొనాలని, తాను హెచ్చరిక జారీ చేస్తున్నానన్నారు‌. ముఖ్యమంత్రి పై ఒత్తిడి పెంచాలని… మీరు రాజీనామా చేయకుండా డ్రామాలు ఆడితే మటుకు మీరు రెండు జిల్లాల్లో తిరిగే పరిస్థితి ఉండదని హెచ్చరిక జారీచేస్తున్నాను అంటూ… ఆవేశంగా మాట్లాడారు […]

‘సరిలేరు’ సినిమాకు కత్తెర…. యూనిట్ షాకింగ్ నిర్ణయం?

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 12:07 AM PST

సంక్రాంతికి రిలీజ్ అయ్యి హిట్ టాక్ తో విజయవంతంగా నడుస్తోంది 'సరిలేరు నీకెవ్వరు' సినిమా. తాజాగా హీరో మహేష్ బాబు కూడా సక్సెస్ మీట్ లకు హాజరవుతూ సినిమాకు మరింత ప్రమోషన్ చేస్తున్నారు. ఇప్పటికే దేశంలో, ఓవర్సీస్ లో కలెక్షన్ల వర్షం కురిపిస్తోంది. అయితే సినిమా నిడివి ఎక్కువగా ఉండడం.. పలు కామెడీ సీన్లు పండకపోవడంతో ప్రేక్షకుల టాక్ ప్రకారం కొన్ని సీన్లకు కత్తెర వేయడానికి సినిమా యూనిట్ సిద్ధమైనట్టు సమాచారం. సరిలేరు సినిమా రిలీజ్ కు […]

పవన్ కళ్యాణ్ పై మండిపడుతున్న మేధావులు

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 12:05 AM PST

పవన్‌ కళ్యాణ్‌ బీజేపీ పంచన చేరడంతో ఆయన మీద ఆశలు పెట్టుకున్న కొందరు సోషల్ మీడియా వేదికగా తమ తీవ్ర నిరసనను వ్యక్తం చేస్తున్నారు. వీళ్ళల్లో ఎక్కువ మంది రచయితలు, మేధావులు కావడం విశేషం. పవన్‌ కళ్యాణ్‌ గొప్పనటుడు… ఆయనకు సన్నివేశం, డైలాగ్‌ లు రాసిస్తే అవలీలగా నటించే అలవాటు ఉన్నవాడు. ఇప్పటివరకూ మంచి స్క్రిప్ట్‌లు అందిస్తూ దర్శకుడిగా, నిర్మాతగా చంద్రబాబు ఉన్నా…. ఇప్పుడు అంతకు మించి నాగపూర్‌ వాసులైన గొప్ప దర్శకుడు, నిర్మాత దొరికాడు అంటూ […]

షిర్డీ సాయి పుట్టిందెక్కడ? సరికొత్త వివాదం !

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 10:09 PM PST

సాయిబాబా జన్మ స్థలం ఎక్కడ? ఆయన షిర్డీలో పుట్టలేదా? ఇప్పుడు ఈ అంశం దేశంలో కలకలం రేపుతోంది. షిర్డి సాయిబాబా పర్బిని జిల్లాలోని పత్రిలో పుట్టారని.. ఆ ఊరును డెవలఫ్‌ చేస్తామని మహారాష్ట్ర సీఎం ఉద్దవ్‌ థాక్రే ప్రకటించారు. దీంతో సాయిబాబా జన్మభూమి ఏంటి అనే దానిపై చర్చ మొదలైంది. సద్గురు సాయిబాబా జన్మస్థలం పర్బిని జిల్లాకు చెందిన 'పత్రి' అని స్థానికులు భావించి 1999లో శ్రీ సాయి జన్మస్థాన్‌ మందిరాన్ని నిర్మించారు. ఇక్కడికి వేల సంఖ్యలో […]

ఆమెకు, ఎస్వీబీసీకి సంబంధం లేదు…

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 10:00 PM PST

బాబోయ్ మా పరువు కాపాడండీ అని వేడుకుంటున్నారు టీటీడీ ఆధీనంలోని ఎస్వీబీసీ ఛానల్‌ మహిళా ఉద్యోగులు. ఇదే విన్నపంతో ఛానల్ కార్యనిర్వాహక అధికారికి లేఖ రాశారు. ఎస్వీబీసీ ఛైర్మన్‌ పృథ్వీతో ఫోన్ కాల్‌ లీక్‌ కావడంతో ప్రస్తుతం ఛానల్‌లో మహిళల పరిస్థితి దయనీయంగా మారింది. మాజీ చైర్మన్‌ పృధ్వీతో ఫోన్ మాట్లాడిన మహిళను ఎప్పుడో విధుల నుంచి తప్పించారు. కానీ.. ఎవరెవరో ఎక్కడెక్కడి నుంచో ఫోన్ చేసి అది మీరేనా.. మీరేనా.. అంటూ ప్రశ్నిస్తున్నారని కన్నీరు పెట్టుకుంటున్నారు […]

రోహిత్ శర్మ 7వేల పరుగుల రికార్డు

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 09:08 PM PST

వన్డేల్లో అత్యంతవేగంగా 7వేల పరుగుల ఓపెనర్ భారత డాషింగ్ ఓపెనర్ రోహిత్ శర్మ…వన్డే క్రికెట్ చరిత్రలో అత్యంత వేగంగా 7వేల పరుగుల మైలురాయిని చేరిన తొలి క్రికెటర్ గా నిలిచాడు. ఇప్పటి వరకూ సౌతాఫ్రికా మాజీ ఓపెనర్ హషీమ్ ఆమ్లా పేరుతో ఉన్న రికార్డును రోహిత్ అధిగమించాడు. ఆస్ట్ర్రేలియాతో తీన్మార్ వన్డే సిరీస్ లో భాగంగా రాజ్ కోటలోని సౌరాష్ట్ర్ర క్రికెట్ సంఘం స్టేడియం వేదికగా ముగిసిన రెండో వన్డేలో 42 పరుగుల స్కోరు సాధించడం ద్వారా రోహిత్ ఈ […]

రాజ్ కోట వన్డేలో రాజా భారత్

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 06:32 PM PST

కంగారూలను దెబ్బకు దెబ్బతీసిన విరాట్ సేన భారత్- ఆస్ట్ర్రేలియాజట్ల తీన్మార్ వన్డే సిరీస్ నువ్వానేనా అన్నట్లుగా సాగుతోంది. ఆరునూరైనా నెగ్గితీరాల్సిన రెండోవన్డేలో భారత్ 36 పరుగుల విజయం సాధించడంతో సిరీస్ రసపట్టుగా మారింది. రాజ్ కోట లోని సౌరాష్ట్ర్ర క్రికెట్ సంఘం స్టేడియం వేదికగా ముగిసిన డూ ఆర్ డై రెండో వన్డేలో ఆతిథ్య భారత్ 36 పరుగులతో నెగ్గి సిరీస్ లో 1-1తో సమఉజ్జీగా నిలిచింది. టాస్ ఓడినా 340 స్కోరు…. బ్యాటింగ్ కు స్వర్గధామం లాంటి రాజ్ […]

Despite shake-up, Vladimir Putin rejects idea of Soviet-style leaders for life

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:36 PM PST

Despite shake-up, Vladimir Putin rejects idea of Soviet-style leaders for life
Putin, in a surprise move, picked Mikhail Mishustin, the low-profile head of the country's tax service, as the country's next prime minister.

Source: TFE

‘There may not be a saviour at all’

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

When senses meet

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Staying fit, comebacks and more...

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Sweet beginning

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Book Review: A meandering narrative

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Ujjain: MLA consoles ‘displaced’ residents

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Celeb style: Accessorise! Accessorise!

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Jubilee man scores his diamond jubilee

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

January Classical gets cooler!

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

‘Confidence makes anyone beautiful’

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Web watch: Code M, Power games

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Sex and the City: Mom’s affair & son’s agony

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:32 PM PST



Source: FPJ

Delhi polls: Over 21,000 voters aged over 80 added to rolls in past year

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:17 PM PST

Delhi polls: Over 21,000 voters aged over 80 added to rolls in past year


Source: TIE

To raise Awareness on Organ Donation: ‘When I donated kidney, I understood only a human can save another’

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:17 PM PST

To raise Awareness on Organ Donation: 'When I donated kidney, I understood only a human can save another'


Source: TIE

Delhi polls: Lunches to crowdfunding, how AAP poll picks are raising campaign money

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 04:17 PM PST

Delhi polls: Lunches to crowdfunding, how AAP poll picks are raising campaign money


Source: TIE

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